Aurora Biosciences Corporation

This is one of those picket and shovel companies in the Biotechnology sector. ABSC designs and develops drug discovery technologies and services. Aurora Biosciences is developing a system using fluorescent assay technologies and ultra-high-throughput screening systems (UHTSS) to allow researchers to overcome many limitations of traditional drug discovery processes. Aurora's functional genomics technology can successfully analyze over half a billion discrete cells derived from 20 million independent GenomeScreen(TM) clones in one day. It's GenomeScreen(TM) technology acts as a search engine to rapidly scan the genome of living, human cells to find genes associated with specified diseases or physiological processes. ABSC has technology capable of searching through expansive libraries of compounds to identify those that might lead to new medicines. This enables Aurora to rapidly identify commercially relevant genes, and to directly develop screens for drug discovery, faster and more efficiently than existing methods. To date, Aurora has filed for patent protection on over 100 previously unknown gene sequences, including their use for compound screening, human diagnostics and drug discovery. ge ·nome – set of chromosomes: the full complement of genetic information that an individual organism inherits from its parents, especially the set of chromosomes and the genes they carry. A genome is the complete collection of an organism's genetic material. The human genome is made of about 50,000 to 100,000 genes located on the 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human cell. A single human chromosome may contain more than 250 million DNA base pairs, and it is estimated that the entire human genome consists of about 3 billion base pairs. Genetic information is found in each cell of the body, encoded in the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The ultimate goal of genomic mapping and sequencing is to associate specific human traits and inherited diseases with genes at locations on the chromosomes. The successful completion of the genome project will provide a better understanding of the organization of human genes and chromosomes. It promises to revolutionize both therapeutic and preventive medicine by providing insights into the basic biochemical processes that cause many Human diseases. Celera (CRA) will soon reveal the sequence of the genome. When completed it will steer to a new great scientific challenge. The big commercial challenge after the completion of the genome will be to understand the function of the genes identified. (This market will be colossal) Aurora stands at the crossroads of this challenge by conducting the gene discovery while at the same time assigning function information to the genes. With their GenomeScreen technology, they're in the business of discovering what genes actually do. So a challenge to sequence-based patents would likely heat up demand for Aurora's technology. (Ok, it gets complicated here so just bare with me) Currently, about 20% of discovery programs are based on genomics. In fact, it has been predicted that virtually all new discovery programs will be genomics based in a few years. A major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry is to determine which of these â€Å"targets† is significant from the drug discovery perspective (meaning $$$). To do this, companies must assign functions to the targets (what it does). Once the target has been identified, you still have to build a screen to find drugs that affect the target, a process which takes up to a year. Aurora's Genomics and Molecular Biology division has developed a technology to overcome these challenges. The value that Aurora brings to this process is added at all stages, from gene identification to target validation to screening compounds to the compounds themselves. In other words, it does important (cool) stuff that makes the company the good old American dollar bill. Revenue in 1999 was 90% higher than in 1998. Aurora has grown from $2 million in revenue in 1996 to $50 million in revenue in 1999, compared to revenue of $26.5 million and a net loss of $18.7 million, or $1.14 per share, for the year ended December 31, 1998. This year ABSC is expected to make $.19 and $.34 in 2001. Last year ABSC made $.01 per share, its EPS growth is expected to be 1750% this year and 82.43% in 2001. From three months ago its earnings have been raised 11.7% for 2000 and 21.4% for 2001. In the past four quarters is has beat expectations by between 18.75% and 54.55%. It is estimated that it†s growth for the next five years will be around 50%. ABSC has a proprietary enabling technology, agreements with almost every major pharma co., forecast profitability, high growth, strong management team, track record of exceeding earnings forecast, growth industry, small float leading to great price elasticity, and one positive press release after another and most importantly an explosive market. The future of this company is very bright. This sector is very volatile, this is a long term hold. The price hit a high of $140 a few months and has now dropped to $31 7/8. The reason for the drop was due to President Clinton†s comments concerning the Human Genome. Those comments do not affect ABSC, but because the shareholders did not know what Aurora Biosciences does they sold when Clinton said something negative about genomics. He said that when the Human Genome was decoded it would have to be shared. ABSC benefits from genome, it does not sell it. Current customers include American Home Products, Becton Dickinson, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Cytovia, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Exelixis Pharmaceuticals, F. Hoffmann- LaRoche Ltd., Genentech, Inc., Glaxo Wellcome, Merck & Co., Inc., National Cancer Institute, Pfizer, Inc., Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc. and Warner-Lambert Disclaimer: (its really good and it took me a lot of time to phrase it just right, so please read it) I know that the future growth might sound too good to be true and it might actually. And remember these are only ESTIMATES and no matter how conservative I make them sound the company might not fulfill them. This is not an investment advisory service, it is recommended that you consult with a licensed financial advisor before making any investment decisions. The information herein should not be construed as an offer to buy or sell securities. The information is taken from sources thought to be accurate but there is no guarantee. All due diligence should be done by the reader or their financial advisor.

Honor Is Cyrano de Bergerac

Honor in Cyrano de Bergerac People in today’s society have many different aspects about their character that make them who they are. Positive character traits can be found in people around the globe and in the characters that many read about in books. Edmond Rostand presents the character Cyrano in the play Cyrano de Bergerac with a many positive traits that make him a very relatable character. Cyrano lives his life based on a strict code of honor through his actions. A code of honor can be seen in the way Cyrano acts towards himself.His pride shows this many times throughout the play. One example of this is when Cyrano fights Valvert over his own nose whilst at the play in the beginning of the novel. This shows that he respects himself and does not feel as though others should be able to point out his flaws. His own integrity also reveals his honor. When Cyrano talks with de Guiche about changing his poetry so they can sell it he says, â€Å"Impossible, sir; my blood curdles at the thought of having a single comma changed† (87).This scene reveals that Cyrano cannot be so easily morally corrupted because he expresses himself through his own works. Honor is also revealed in his altruism. The fact that Cyrano does not want to date Roxane, even after Christian dies, reveals this. This shows that he is unselfish and wants to put the wants and needs of others before his own. Cyrano’s sense of honor can be seen all throughout the play in his actions towards himself. Cyrano’s code of honor is shown in the way that he acts towards his friends.His service rather than selfishness reveals this code of honor. One example of this was when he helps Christian impress Roxane by helping him speak more eloquently and intelligently all throughout the book. He goes out of his way to do something for his friend so that Christian can be happy. Cyrano’s loyalty towards Ragueneau also reveals his code of honor. This makes an appearance when he attemp ts to tell him that the poets in his shop are taking advantage of him by saying, â€Å"Haven’t you ever noticed how they stuff themselves while they listen to your verse? (70). His actions reveal that he cares for his friend and does not want to see him being taken advantage of. Honor can also be seen in Cyrano’s duty to Christian. This can be seen when he tells the dying Christian that Roxane still loves him. His actions make Christian feel happy, even in his last few minutes alive. Cyrano’s actions towards his friends reveal the strict code of honor that he lives by. Cyrano’s code of honor is shown in his actions towards Roxane. Such honor is displayed in his service rather than selfishness for Roxane.One example is when Cyrano distracts de Guiche by falling from a tree in order for Christian and Roxane to get married. His actions reveal that he will do whatever he can to see that she is happy. Cyrano’s responsibility to Roxane also reveals his code of honor. This can be seen when Roxane asks him to protect Christian and he says, â€Å"I promise† (79). After making a promise to her, he goes out of his way to do anything to keep it and make her happy. Honor can also be seen in Cyrano’s loyalty towards Roxane. This is portrayed when Cyrano shows up every day to the chapel in order to keep her updated on local news.His actions reveal that he is devoted, wants to please Roxane, and will always be by her side. Cyrano’s actions all throughout the novel towards Roxane reveal a code of honor in which he lives by. Cyrano’s actions throughout the play provide evidence that he lives life by a strict code of honor. This honor is so important many because it is one of the core values of humanity. Often times people go to great lengths to defend their honor for this reason. Honor guides these lives because these people feel that it is a great way for them to assert their individuality.

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example Research conducted by Rashad shows that changes in the rate of fertility has occurred in all Arab nations and this change was accepted by Arab nations at a delay as compared to other nations, but the decline has been experienced at a much faster rate as compared to other nations. Rashad asserts that there have been several causes that have contributed heavily towards the slow acceptance of decline in fertility rate among Arab nations and this conforms to the belief that Arab nation and their populations are resistant towards accepting change. In certain nations and people of these fortunate nations experienced fertility decline due to backing of high aspirations and increased opportunities. On the other end, there have been Arab nations that have experienced decline in economic conditions along with issues in creating families have even led to decline in fertility. Socio-economic status of individuals in certain areas has played a motivational role in the acceptance of decline in fer tility at much earlier times as compared to other nations. Acceptance was even driven due to interpretation of Islam which was liberal in nature. People living in certain nations, especially those in the Gulf region experienced slow acceptance of decline because of rational decision making supported with child support programs. Arab nations overall have not been resistant to change, they have experienced differences in accepting change. The researcher asserts that differences in the way change is accepted and adopted in Arab nations and the conditions that drive the changes in the level of fertility in Arab nation is similar and consistent with the changes experienced throughout the world and these findings are dissimilar to the earlier findings of other researchers. This even shows that researchers previously have exaggerated the issue of conformity to culture. The differences in these trends even show that the theories of change that are already in existence have failed to explain the Arab nations case of fertility. On one hand theories are consistent with changes that are developmental and societal in nature, but on the other hand the experience of Arab nations of decline in fertility has taken place under different circumstances. Theories of change of fertility pay emphasis to fertility which is marital in nature, but the case of Arab nation has shown that reduction in the rate of fertility has occurred due to alterations in changes in the frequency of marriages taking place. The researcher further asserts that changes that have already taken place and are continuing to take place as result of changes in the frequency of marriages in Arab nations clearly show that females in the Arab nations are preferring to stay unmarried for a longer period of time and a major percentage of the women population in these regions even accept to stay unmarried throughout their lives. Nations that have experienced highest changes in the timeline of the event of marriage inc lude Libya, Algeria, Syria, Morocco and others. Women in these regions accept to remain unmarried till they reach the age of 30+ and these women account for 10 to 20% of the population of these regions. This has occurred at the same time when the fertility rates of Arab nations are declining, which shows that as marriage rates are delayed and decreased, women are decreasing their involvement in the act of childrearing. This has resulted in

Managing Behavior in the Workplace Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing Behavior in the Workplace - Term Paper Example It is a reality that today workplace issues happen to be more diverse, complex, and inexplicable than ever before. A large percentage of such issues are commonly found to be originating from negative workplace environment fraught with confusions, biases, discrimination, fear, and unhealthy criticism. Negative environment in turn originates from mismanaged workforce behavior. An army leader should be well aware of the direction in which the behavior of his men proceeds as it can influence the whole country either for the good or the worse. Major annoying issues developing due to bad or wayward behavior include excessive gossip about each other’s personal affairs, sexual or mental harassment, communication gap between leaders and employees, and mistreatment of myriad changes by workforce. It is true that changes are always for the betterment of the organization and if those changes are not welcomed by the employees due to behavior which lacks obedience and understanding, results can be disastrous and much chaos could be created. This paper basically aims to postulate that the army leaders should be highly acknowledged to the behavior of those working under them as appropriately managed behavior is especially important in the military context since it raises concern not only for the army but for the entire nation as well. Stress also results when behavior is not managed efficiently. For this purpose, it remains mandatory for an army leader to communicate more often with the people of his army so that confusion about certain instructions could be removed and general appreciation for one another could be developed. Moreover, each worker should be motivated by the army leader to do a lot of things which do not necessarily fall into the role assigned to that worker like filling communication gap, condemning negative gossip, offering creative ideas, and professional handling of the bosses who sabotage employee’s careers. Professional handling of the bosse s who negatively affect employees’ careers relates to zero tolerance for harassment directed at employees. A leader should always try to set an example himself in order to see the workforce behaving appropriately. There is no chance for an employee to behave good if the leaders themselves engage in unprofessional activities like feeling tired all the time, arriving late for important tasks, and remaining absent. It becomes increasingly important for an army leader to set a good character example so that his workers could take an advice just by looking at his personality. It is repeatedly suggested by the researchers that creating a kind of culture where people feel part of the organization itself rather than merely remaining involved in their individual jobs makes a company preferable over another to work for. Many people leave army only because they do not feel themselves to be a part of the whole scene, rather they start considering their lives monotonous and boring. That i s just one way by which most of the talent gets wasted. In order to keep workers from feeling monotonous, changes should be implemented by efficient leaders. Though changes are despised but â€Å"

Marriott Hotels International Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marriott Hotels International - Essay Example According to Bill Marriott himself leadership is mainly based upon orientation towards results. He believes in motivating the people who work there by providing inspiration and letting them play and work together with a common set of objectives in mind. It is important to make them realize that their goal is same. (Marriott on the Move, August 2007; Anastassova and Purcell, 1995) Promoting diversity is an objective for the group. It is highly committed towards diversity. He has managed to take the company from a mere family business of $19 billion to a globally based organization. One of the basic leadership styles followed is the hands-on leadership. (Daugherty, Croft, Marquart, Balzar and Sheldon, n.d.) The leader or manager has to keep in touch with the employees and the clients to keep himself updated on the happenings. Under this leadership style the importance of the employees or ‘associates’ are realized and acknowledged. It is important to keep them happy and sat isfied with their work. A â€Å"spirit to serve† culture in promoted within the organization. Community involvement is another style of leadership, which Marriott International follows. (Daugherty, Croft, Marquart, Balzar and Sheldon, n.d.) In order to lead in an industry it is important for the company to nurture community involvement programs. Bill Marriott has involved himself in â€Å"fundraising gala for Bridges-from school to work† (Marriott on the Move, June 2007). The Marriott Foundation runs this program for People with Disabilities. He idea is to help them secure meaningful employment after they pass out from their academic institutions. (Marriott on the Move, June 2007) The National Urban League, Naval Academy Endowment Trust, National Geographic Society, World Travel & Tourism Council are some of the other organizations where the company has engaged itself with. Following to

Recommendation letter for admission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Recommendation letter for admission - Essay Example I write this letter to you to highly recommend the application of Mr. xxx for admission to Columbia University’s LLM program. He is an excellent fit for Columbia’s unique program and I take great delight in acknowledging below, the accomplishments and service that Nicholas has rendered to our esteemed firm.In November 2004, Baker & McKenzie started a selective hunt for a single candidate to join our Corporate and Merger & Acquisition departments. After interviewing nearly 80 candidates and assessing them with case method tests, we accepted Nicolas. For a young man of 23, he already had a remarkably full resume and his overall experience was one of the deciding factors in our decision.After joining our firm, Nicholas rapidly became a key player in our Corporate and Merger & Acquisition departments. In the months that followed, Nicolas joined a team of 10 attorneys in developing last year’s largest merger that involved an International Communications Company. Nicol as worked smoothly with the other members of the team—all of whom were at least 15 years older—and proved to be the communications link between all departments for that important transaction. Ever since that merger took place, Nicolas has always been the communications liaison in every operation that he is involved with. As a senior associate of the Merger & Acquisition Department, I am in charge of important international transactions.... In a two-hour meeting, Nicolas helped find a simple but brilliant solution by using nominal local shareholders for the bid and then transferring the shares to our client. In terms of undertaking and completing assignments, Nicolas is able to handle pressure with professionalism and responsiveness to both the clients' needs and the firm's needs. He was recently entrusted with closing the urgent sale of a large International Pharmaceutical Company in Uruguay and Mexico. Within two weeks, he had traveled to both countries and successfully executed the agreements. He is now in charge of reviewing all documents at closing and creating a checklist that is appended to the agreement. Nicolas's biggest strength is Client Care. His experience in the Criminal Underage Court and Labor Law firms has given him extensive and quality training in terms of dealing with people from all walks of life. His great sense of humor and dynamic personality has also saved us on many occasions. A particularly difficult account comes to mind: We were facing severe miscommunication glitches with a multinational Italian company, a European-style family business that had recently decided to settle in Argentina. Based on Nicolas's cultural background, language and people skills, we invited him to come aboard. Once he had analyzed the case, he indicated our weakness lay in the lack of personal contact and suggested that we invite the client's General Legal Counsel, who lived in Milan, to a meeting at our Buenos Aires office. Nicolas had learned that the Counsel's family and his own family (mother's side) were from the same Italian town, xxx. This was a good starting point for the meetings, most of which Nicolas led in fluent Italian. After

Management account-R12 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Management account-R12 - Coursework Example The theory aims at reflecting management accounting system as dependent on factors that crop up from time to time. This theory brings details of the factors which rise up and affect a management accounting system. According to this contingency theory, the contingent factors affecting a management accounting system are unique to each organisation. Organisations vary from one another in terms of operations thus the difference in the form of adoption, functioning and sophistication of a system. This means that each company will have a management accounting system which is specific to its form. This explains why we do not have a globally adopted accounting system. Contingency theory has made bold steps in helping us understand how accounting and budgets  can and should be used to deal with the issue of management control. The theory basically supports the handling of accounting and budgets in a way which recognizes related changes which might occur in the company (Sharma, 2009). The co ntingency theory is usually very important in ensuring that the management accounting system in a company is in sync with the prevailing factors at a given time. The efforts by this theory have been successful through the manipulation of the factors that affect a management accounting system among other factors. ... With this, the organisation does not need to have management control based on a sophisticated management accounting system. Under such a situation, the  management will control the organisation on the basis of the set out budgets. The contingency theory also shows how accounting and budgets can be used to handle matters of management control through the consideration of strategies and mission as situational factors. Basically, the type of  strategies and mission applied by a company determines the kind of system for management accounting to be put in use. For example a firm may decide to apply a strategy of low cost and defense. Under such a strategy, a company will work towards standard products, few lines of products, low cost operations as well as policies promoting economies of scale. with   this, there will be need to have plans capable of making employees uphold low cost mentalities, incentives to workers depending on the results of evaluation of financial performance and adherence to budgets among others. This means that there is need for a management accounting system which is a bit sophisticated. Contingency theory shows that accounting can be utilized to handle the issue of management control through the determination of the accounting information need and use (Emmanuel et al,1990). According to this theory, the kind of accounting information needed by an organisation is very key in determining the management accounting system required. In a situation where the accounting information required is  complex, then a highly sophisticated management accounting system is required. If a firm requires just simple information, then a less sophisticated management accounting system is required by an organisation. There is also the intended use of the

A critical assessment of a marketing execution Essay - 2

A critical assessment of a marketing execution - Essay Example Hofstede makes it easy for people studying in the area of global marketing especially executing efficient strategies to understand concepts in the same area. The Hofstede model emerges on top of other models developed over the past fifteen years because of its application in advertising as well as global marketing. Different global institutions continue to apply the model by Geert Hofstede of national culture during the whole marketing and global branding exercise. Hofstede’s dimensional framework contributes to the development of theories relating to the behaviour depicted by consumers. Other scholars further develop the theory by explaining it in terms of differences that exist in the concepts of personality, self, and identity (Lee, 1966, 112). The elements, then help in explaining differences in the strategy of communication and branding. They also cover processing of information among them variations in categorisation and perception with impact on both mass communication and interpersonal communication aspects. The way marketing works also fall in this category. This paper takes a critical evaluation of the application of Hofstede’s cultural dimensional model in Italy and Canada. At the end, the author of the paper gives his views on the implications of the model when Canadian marketers present their views on the marketing environment in Italy. Cultural elements in Italy and Canada are several and include among others materi al culture, aesthetics, language, religion, education, social organisation as well as values and attitudes. A reflection of values of the society and nature takes place through the language. Canadians speak English while Italians speak Latin. Both Canada and Italy boarder countries some of which speak different languages from what the natives in the two countries speak. The influence of Espanyol in Canada as well as the influence of English and French in Italy leads to the development of sub-cultural languages in form

Statement of Purpose to Enter the University Assignment

Statement of Purpose to Enter the University - Assignment Example I expect to acquire knowledgeable concepts, information and tactics to improve my planning and development skills through which I can serve people for the betterment. There is always a room for improvement and I feel that nothing but education can fill the existing gap. By participating in the educational program at the university, I would be able to polish my existing abilities and would learn to use the new concepts in my practical life. This doctorate grabbed my attention when I completed my Masters in the field of Psychology from the same university. I have ever since worked on my skills and have served the community by working in different organizations. I have completed my Bachelors and Masters in the field of psychology and have attained relevant knowledge that can help me to pursue a degree in the doctorate. This course will help me in attaining the understanding of complex patterns of psychology along with new ideas and theories. In today’s era of globalization, it is important that one has firsthand experience in multiculturalism and I have achieved this objective by studying in a multicultural university previously. Ever since I attained the degree of masters I have used my time effectively to explore the world and work with people who are homeless and addicted to drugs. It has helped me to learn the behavioural patterns of different people as the field of psychology teaches us. I expect to acquire kn owledge on the issues related to the field of psychology in all aspects. The political, social, environmental and economic issues are somehow related to the field of psychology and I believe that with the right knowledge I would be able to serve better in my field. Knowing the value of the degree that will be awarded from Carlos Albizu University, I expect to get a reputable post in a well-known organization. The university carries great importance in the educational field and with the experience of the faculty, I think that I would be able to excel in my field.  

Outlining and Evaluating theories of relationship breakdown. Essay Example for Free

Outlining and Evaluating theories of relationship breakdown. Essay Stephanie Rollie and Steve Duck developed a model of the termination of close and intimate relationships in 2006.This model focuses on the processes that typify relationship breakdown , rather than being tied to distinct phases that people pass through . The 6 stages may appear to overlap or have common features but also serve very different purposes and ultimately have different consequences. Initially , the first stage is breakdown , this is where one of the partners decides that they cant stand it any more and only when this dissatisfaction manifests itself into a complete reality check of I cant stand this any more do we see a progression to the next stage of this stage theory. After the breakdown Rollie and Duck suggest that the second stage is something known as the intra-psychic process ; this is generally characterised as a social withdrawal and resentment with the dissatisfied partner focusing on their partners faults and a sense of being underbenifited. This normally coincides with a tendency to re-evaluate the relationship and consider alternatives. The next stage is something known as the dyadic processes ; this is where partners begin to talk with each other about the problems leading to the breakdown , sometimes this can result in reconciliation as the other partner accepts the validity of the dissatisfied partners views.( only if its constructive not destructive ) This stage could be seen as the make or break stage where issues are brought up like we need to stay together for the kids or just a general believe that things dont have the capacity to change. The fourth stage in this model is social processes ; the break up is aired and made public to friends and family , generally , advice and support and sought from people outside the relationship and alliances are created (e.g. you can do better than her) .Also in this stage things are discussed which tell us that a relationship is progressing deeply through the stage , for example child custody. The fifth stage is the grave dressing processes ; this focuses on the spectra of the relationship I.e. How it  started ?, what was it like ? How it went wrong . This stage also sees partners organize their post relationship lives and begin to publicise there own accounts of the breakdown. It is highly likely that not the same story is told to everybody as the ex partner may want to appear in a different light to different people , e.g. new potential partners. The final stage of Rollie and Ducks model is the resurrection process ; this is simply the final evaluation of the relationship and what the partners need to improve on or change for their next . Rollie and Ducks model is supported by observations of real-life break ups . Tashiro and Frazier 2003 surveyed undergraduates who had recently experienced the breakdown of a romantic relationship . They found that not only had the students experienced emotional distress but at the same time had new insight into what they wanted in their next relationship . This links support to the grave dressing and resurrection process as it is setting a new template for the future thus supporting 2 stages of the model and consequently lending support and credibility to the model. On the contrary the fact that it looked at undergraduates who are new into a scene with loads of people they dont know leaves this research open to scrutiny of age bias , the model even states that young adults tend to test the market and that the 6 stages mainly apply to older people , this doesnt necessarily reduce validity of the model but casts doubt on the generalisability of it The model doesnt consider individual differences which I believe plays a massive intrinsic and extrinsic role in this process. In 1998 Akert found the role people played in the dissolution of the relationship was the single biggest indicator of the impact of the dissolution experience . Concluding that the instigator suffered less of the negative consequences of break up (e.g. depression and loneliness) than the non instigator. The model generalises the emotional impact to both the non instigator and the instigator which in the majority of cases is unfair as someone is likely to be more hurt than the other , this decreases the reliability of the model because everybody behaves differently , its in our nature. Rollie and Ducks model is subject to heterosexual bias because it cannot be generalised to lesbian , gay , bisexual or transgender relationships . For example a homosexual couple that are not out as homosexual cannot go through the social processes stage as they wont have that social network due to the fact they are not out as homosexual. It clear that there are many more extraneous variables that mean that different people go though different forms of a relationship breakdown ,there is no norm. In congruency with this not all heterosexual couples act the same as a couple that have had a 3 week fling will break up differently to a couple in a marital relationship. The point I am making here is that the model needs to differentiate between the nature of a relationship before it can gain fully credibility through its application of stages. Culture plays a large role in this and there is definitely culture bias present in this model as it is only applicable to the western world , further from this it is only applicable to the western world to an extent due to religion , for example the catholic church frown upon divorce and will not allow a re marriage in that church after a divorce. In most cases a break up is not seen as unscrupulous or deviant in western culture but in others like collectivist tribal cultures where marriage is arranged and is a conjugate of 2 families rather than individuals a break up is non negotiable . Thus rendering the model culture bias as it is clearly only applicable to western society. Evolutionary psychologists attempt to explain relationship breakdown by 4 predictions , it is important to remember that these are prediction and not assumptions. As is does with the mate preferences this area of psychology differentiates between male and female aspects of breakdown. 1)Costs related to emotional investment; this says that the female rejectees will experience a greater loss associated with the emotional investment withdrawal due to the potent dependence on the resources of the man.(applicable to relationships involving older people) this comes from the hunger gather theory of evolution. 2)Increasing commitment ; This is the idea that males may manipulate the female knowing that she values emotional commitment extremely highly , it suggest that men who fear for there relationship will  attempt to increase commitment through a variety of ways , for example cohabitation , marriage or children. It is thought that this is to maintain sexual access to the female. Yet again this is based on ideas of evolution first outlined by Charles Darwin. 3)Infidelity ; This implies that males are more likely to be unfaithful and cheat on their partners due to their desire for sexual variation . This can also be a way of ending the relationship and forcing the rejectee to move on more swiftly. 4)Reputational damage ; the rejectors may be viewed as heartless by a jury of their peers and the rejectee may be portrayed as a helpless victim . It is thought that this could damage the rejectors reputation and consequently affect there chances of finding an alternative . To counter act this the rejector may deploy tactics like can we still be friends . Perilloux and Buss conducted research into this area in 2008 when they got 98 males and 101 females to fill in a questionnaire at a university . 69% of the participants where white Caucasian and the rest where from a range of ethnic backgrounds ( attempting to emit culture bias). They found that females more than males reported higher levels of costs associated with losing their partners emotional commitment . This supports the evolutionary approach as it shows that there is a cost relating to emotional investment specifically in women , as the prediction outlines. Also they found that more males than females reported success at preventing a relationship breakdown by increasing their level of commitment , again showing stacks of support for increasing commitment . Male rejectors more than female rejectors reported engaging in sex with other potential mates prior to the break up . Conclusively supporting the notion of infidelity. And finally rejectors indicated a higher cost of being seen as cruel and heartless compared to the rejectees , Fully supporting the idea of reputational damage. In terms of finding linked to the predictions Perilloux and Buss extrapolated evidence to support all , giving masses of credibility to the evolutionary predictions. On the contrary , this is a fairly socially sensitive explanation because it casts males in a bad light suggesting that they are unscrupulous through infidelity , the implications of this are that males may feel insulted by  the idea that they would sleep with somebody else to end a relationship , where in many cases men are just as faithful if not more faithful than women .Thus rendering the predictions socially sensitive.

Appeal Factors Of The Worlds Top Receiving Countries

Appeal Factors Of The Worlds Top Receiving Countries Introduction Tourism is the short-term movement of people from their normal places of residence or work to other places for any non-earning activity (Theobald, 1998). The United Nations recognizes three forms of tourism: Domestic, which involves citizens of a country travelling within their country, outbound, which occurs when citizens travel outside their country and Inbound, where non-residents travel in a certain country. The world tourism organization (UNWTO) reported the world tourism statistics and listed the worlds top tourist generating countries and tourist receiving countries. European countries continue to be the most visited countries between 2006 and 2008 with the top ten receiving countries being from the European continent. However, United Sates of America and China were among the top four countries, the other two being France and Spain. France had the highest international tourist arrivals followed by United States of America, Spain and China respectively (UNWTO, 2010). These countries have continued to appeal to tourists over the years and it is important to understand their tourist appeal factors. Do they have anything in common that attracts the large number of international tourists or do they offer individually unique tourist attraction factors. It is important to note that the listing of the countries according to international tourism receipts show the United States of America to be the top recipient. France and Spain follow it closely but Italy displaces China from the fourth position (UNWTO, 2010). This may indicate that tourists have different levels of expenditure in the four countries. The expenditures are different probably due to the different activities the tourists undertake in the different countries. This already indicates that different factors in each country attract the tourists. The following is a comparison of the tourist appeal factors in France, United States of America, Spain and China. Culture and Heritage All these countries have rich and interesting cultures and heritage that attract and amaze travelers from all over the world. Culture and heritage incorporates tangible and intangible attributes given or owned by a given society. They make a given society different from another. These attributes are inherited from the older generations of the society and are preserved in the current generation for its benefit as well as to benefit the future generations. The culture of the United States of America is diverse compared to the other three countries because of the diverse ethnicity of its population. They include many elements such as fashion, pop culture, entertainment, unique sports, military and scientific innovations and widely discussed politics. In general, all the four countries have different cultures, which are discussed below. Entertainment Entertainment presents a key tourist appeal factor in the United States with destinations such as Hollywood and the Las Vegas strip attracting huge numbers of tourists (Tours to United States, n.d.). Amusement parks like Disney land also attract a substantial number of tourists. The entertainment industry in this country attracts high expenditure tourists and due to this reason, the tourist receipts are higher than in other countries. The entertainment industry is not a key tourist appeal in France but Disney land Paris receives quite a notable number of tourists seeking leisure. Other entertainment activities like gambling, music concerts and cinemas do not attract such a large number of tourists. Cultural Events Spain is known for its colorful cultural events and they act as major visitor attractions (Holloway Taylor, 2009). Because of this, the term fiesta country is sometimes used to refer to Spain. One of the cultural events is the carnivals that are celebrated through out the country with major parties in Cadiz and Santa Cruz. The April Fair has become very popular all over the world due to its flamenco dancers and its bullfighting. The attention it generates means that more and more people desire to witness the event. This leads to a high number of inbound tourists. All the Spanish cities are so popular for their rich cultural events that United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) declared thirteen of them as world heritage cities (CNTO, 2010). China also has a number of popular cultural events such as shaolin international martial arts festival and the spring festival. The festivals attract many international tourists but not as many as other tourist attractions like the historical features. Apart from the cultural events, the Chinese people have a unique way of life that people from other regions desire to see. Their way of life and believes distinguish the Chinese people from the rest of the world. Uniqueness is one factor that increases the number of inbound tourists. France and the USA do not have cultural events that are very popular outside of their countries. Cultural events therefore cannot be considered as key tourist appeals for these two countries. Sports The four countries all have received substantial number of visitors because of sports or sporting activities. Football is popular in Spain and France and the countries receive many visitors especially during sporting occasions. China hosted the 2008 summer Olympics and received many visitors then. It is expected to receive even more during the Expo 2010 Shanghai China Historic features China and the United States of America have the most popular historic features among the four countries. The Great Wall of China has become a major tourist attraction in the world (CNTO, 2010). It is a symbol of the Chinese nation and millions of people from other countries travel to China to see it . It is one of the most important tourist attraction sites for China (Holloway Taylor, 2009). Other historic landmarks that bring large numbers of inbound tourists into China are historic cities like Pingyao, the Forbidden City in Beijing and terracotta army. The historic cities and famous sites are the main tourist appeals in China unlike in Spain, France and USA. The features signify the long history of the Chinese people and their rich culture. They show the historic way of life of the Chinese people. This is the source of their huge attention from resident of other countries USA also has some historic features that receive many local and international tourists. They are mainly historic buildings and landmarks. Unlike those in China, these ones in the USA are memorial parks like Lincoln and Jefferson memorials. They do not reveal the way of life of the ancient Americans. By 2007, the United States Government recognized 2,462 National Historic Landmarks (NHL). The NHLs are also popular with tourists but do not receive a large numbers of tourists as those in China. France and Spain do not have very popular historic landmarks. Museums also form received notable numbers of tourists in USA and France. Nature Another key attraction factor in the United States of America that is not common for the other three countries is the untamed wilderness and huge national parks that attract millions of visitors. America is rich in natural beauty with a wide rage of flora and fauna that act as a major tourist attraction unlike Spain, France and China. The national parks hold animals, which are unique to the American region and not common to other regions. Spain, China and France are lacking in terms of rich wildlife. USA also has widely known wonders of nature like the Grand Canyon of Arizona, Niagara Falls and Rocky Mountains (Hall Page, 2006). Grand Canyon alone attracts over 4.5 million visitors per year (UNWTO, 2009). The five sacred mountains of china and its many waterfalls also receive a large number of tourists Countries with beautiful beaches generally receive many tourists. This is applies to Spain where summer resorts and beaches form major tourist appeals. The Spanish coasts are suitable for vacations during summer. Examples of the coasts include Costa Brava and Costa Calida. This is not the case with the other three countries in the top four receiving countries. Man made structures and Scientific Achievements Man made structures like buildings and bridges act as major tourist appeal factors in developed countries (Hall Page, 2006). Paris, the capital city of France is currently the most visited city in the world due to attractions such as Arc de Triomphe, Eiffel tower and the cathedral of Notre-Dame. The Golden Gate Bridge in the USA is one of the most famous bridges in the world and causes The Golden Gate National Recreation area to receive millions of visitors per year (UNWTO, 2009). Conclusion France is the top tourist receiving country in the world. The major tourist appeals are museums and the amazing buildings in the city of Paris. USA is the second with a wide range of tourist appeals. They include gambling and entertainment, natural features, memorials and man made structures. Spain is the third receiving country with its major appeals being cultural events and beaches. The fourth country is China and its key tourist appeals are historic sites and cultural events.

The Real World Of Technology B Essay -- essays research papers fc

In her book, The Real World of Technology (1999), Ursula M. Franklin argues that technology has a disruptive effect on humanity. If left-unchecked technology will eventually destroy society as we know it. Franklin illustrates her point by focusing on the effects technology has had on society and cultures in the past. She uses examples from China before the Common Era to the Roman Empire, with a majority of examples coming form the last one hundred and fifty years. Such as the Industrial Revolution and the invention of electronic mail. Franklin contends that for society's sake, people must question everything before accepting new technologies into their world. In the book, Franklin's argument urges people to come together and participate in public reviews and discuss or question technological practices that lead to a world that is designed for technology and not for society. The Real World Of Technology attempts to show how society is affected by every new invention that comes onto th e market and supposedly makes life more easy going and hassle free while making work more productive and profitable. The lectures argue that 'technology has built the house in which we live'; (Franklin, p.1) and that this house is continually changing and being renovated. There is very little human activity outside of the house, and all in habitants are affected by the 'design of the house, by the division of its space, by the location of its doors and walls.'; (p.1). Franklin claims that; rarely does society step outside of the house to live, when compared with generations past. The goal for leaving the house is not to enter the natural environment, because in Franklin's terms 'environment essentially means what is around us… that constructed, manufactured, built environment that is the day-in-day-out [sic] setting of much of the contemporary world of technology.'; (p.89). Nature today is seen as a construct instead of as a 'force or entity with its own dynamics.'; (p.85). Th e book claims that society vies nature the same way as society views infrastructure as 'something that is there to accommodate us, to facilitate or be part of our lives, subject to our planning.'; (p.85). Franklin writes in-depth about infrastructure and especially technological infrastructure. She claims that since the Industrial Revolution, corporations as well as governments using public funds... ... to realize that the influx of technology and society's greater dependence of it may just be another step of evolution. Just as humans grew out of the ape and the hammer out of the twig, so to may the children and their tools of tomorrow grow to become something greater than even we can imagine. The Real World of Technology presents a lot of relevant issues with today's world. The points made about the environment illuminate a serious problem and the use of Franklin's redemptive technologies are what is needed if there will be any correcting of the damage done. While The Real World of Technology provides useful insights into technology's past and the role it has had on shaping our current way of being. The glimpses into the future are less useful. Franklin can not help but have a biased view of the world to come because she only has the world that she has lived in to use as a comparison and model. The society of the future however, cannot and should not be used to make comparison s, for it will be a society like no other-one that the people of today could not even imagine. Works Cited Franklin, Ursula M. The Real World of Technology. Toronto: House of Anansi Press Limited, 1999 ed.

Brave New World Essay -- essays papers

Brave New World Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is a fictitious story about a future utopian society where people are mass-produced in laboratories. People have no emotions in this world where drugs and promiscuous sex are greatly encouraged. People are given labels according to their pre-natal intelligence assignment. These different classes all have specific roles within society and nobody is unhappy with their place. The Brave New World he was a fictitious story that sets up a symbolic mirror to our world that shows the reader what our world is slowly evolving to. As young children, the utopians are conditioned to practice certain rituals, to later benefit society as a whole through the stability that these practices bring. One of the acts that the children are taught to do is begin to experiment sexually at a very young age. This will prevent sexual anxiety in their adult years. Sexual play is greatly encouraged to the point that a special time is set for children to experience an erotic play. â€Å"In the garden it was playtime. Naked in the warm June sunshine, six or seven hundred little boys and girls were running† (Huxley 30). As they grow older, sexual promiscuity becomes a requirement among the adults. In order for them to keep a stable society, the utopians cannot risk strong emotions among its people, if it is allowed people will be preoccupied with emotion thus leading to under production. The attitudes of the utopians support ideas of no monogamy. As one character said, â€Å"You ought to be careful. It’s such horribly bad form to go on and on like this with one man† (Huxley 41). Huxley commented on his story’s relevance to the current time (Huxley’s book was published in 1932), with resp... ...eality that allow a person to be happy when they’re down, Prozac is just one of many drugs with this purpose. Prozac is advertised as something that can solve any and all everyday blues. Many people in the world use Prozac in order to make them happy and to take away their problems, just the same way the people of Brave New World do with soma. Through out this story, Huxley uses the practices these people do as an example to show modern day readers by mirroring what our society could become if we’re not careful. Huxley uses these comparisons to show that the Brave New World could happen. He writes about this also in his forward, â€Å"All things considered it looks as though Utopia were far closer to us than anyone, only fifteen years ago, could have imagined.† Bibliography: Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1932.

Drug Abuse in America

? Literatue Review 3 Section 1: Introduction One of the major problem in modern society is the abuise of drugs. Some use illegal â€Å"street† drugs that have no medical use while others abuse prescription drugs for nonmedical purposes. Either way, it is dangerous can lead to serious consquences, including death. In my paper i will answer two main questions; Why and how are drugs available for the general public to use? What are the mental,physical,and financial consquences of abusing drugs(prescprition or â€Å"street†)? My main source for answering these questions was the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) website. It is a federal angency that is responsible for enforcing the medical laws established by the justice department. This includes regulating laws regarding pharmacies, physcians, and drugs. Mr. Michael Martin, the manager of Walgreen's Pharmacy was also a credible source as he provided clear explanations if i had any questions. I chose these questions because these are two very important question because they not just impact the abuser but society as well. However, my focus in this paper will be the consquences because they are a serious threat. Section 2: Summary In order to understand the consquences of drug abuse, one must know why drugs are abused. There are many reasons for drugs abuse, â€Å"The reason for taking the drug depends on the type of drug. Often times the main cause is to escape from their problems or from peer pressure. After some time, the reasons change. They become dependent on the drug and they feel sick or cannot function properly without it. † (Martin) Often times the cause for using a drug is because the brain has a sort of reward center. It creates a pleasurable sensation when a certain action occurs. For example, for a stressed employee drinking after work helps him relax. It causes his mind, mainly his central nervous system to slow down and all the worries in the world are gone for the emploee. This provides an instance of pleasure as the brain feels good, it is able to â€Å"relax'. The four type of drugs are â€Å"depressants, stimulants, sedatives, and hallucionogens† (Martin). Depressants such as alcohol and sleeping pills make a person feel more relaxed. Stimulants like Ecstacy, amphetamines, nicotine and caffeine keep a person energetic and awake. However, once the effects are over, hunger and tiredness will set in. Sedatives such as heroine, morphine and codeine offer relief from pain but cause sleepiness. Hallucinogens, for instance, Ecstacy and LSD, may give strange sensations, causing some to see, feel or hear things that are not there. Each drug provides a relative pleasurable sensation for the user. According to the National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC) nearly 35 million individuals used illicit drugs or abused prescription drugs in 2007. The federal government â€Å"has allocated more than $14 billion dollars for drug treatment and prevention, counterdrug law enforcement, drug interdiction, and international counterdrug assistance† (NDIC). As stated earlier there are illict â€Å"street† drugs and then there are prescription drugs, both with the potential to be abused. The first focus will be the origin of illict, or â€Å"street† drugs. Drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) are the main cause for the production and trafficking of â€Å"street† drugs. â€Å"Mexican and Columbian DTOs generate, remove, and launder between $18 to $39 billion in wholesale drug proceeds annually. Mexican DTOs are the greatest threat to the United States. Mexcian DTOs are responsible for a â€Å"majority of the cocaine available in the U. S. market† (NDIC). DTOs are responsible for the production of drugs and for trafficking it into U. S. cities. Urban gangs are involved in the sales of these drugs, â€Å"aided by their connections with Mexican and Asian DTOs. Currently Mexcian DTOs continue to â€Å"establish new markets for mexican heroin in northeastern states while gangs relocate from inner cities to suburban and rural areas. However, a threat bigger than the illict â€Å"street† drug problem is the abuse of prescription drugs. Nearly 7 million Americans abuse prescription drugs-more than the number who abuse cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, ecstasy, and inhalants combined† (DEA). According to the DEA, prescription pain relievers are new drug users' drug of choice vs. marijuana or cocaine. Unlike illicit drugs, prescription drugs are not synthesized by DTOs in some lab. Prescription drugs are obtained through decieving various medical professionals, theft, or from the internet. Decieving medical professionals is a technique known as â€Å"doctor shopping†. This involves a patient going to a doctor for a prescription drug. Then the same patient will go to a different doctor, reveal the same symptons without acknowledging the previous doctor visit, and get another prescription for the same drug. Then the patient will go to more doctors and repeat the steps. In the end, the patient will have numerous prescriptions for the same drug each from a different doctor. The patient will have each prescription filled, most likely at various pharmacies and will have a high quantity of one drug. Now the patient may use the drug or maybe even sell the drug to others who will also misuse it. Some other method of obtaining prescrition include theft from pharmacies or homes, and from traditional drug dealing. Another relatively new method obtaining prescription drugs is through cyber pharmacies. There are many illegal internet pharmacies, that take a prescription, fake or real, and fill it for a patient without any knowledge of the patient or anything else. These pharmacies may also â€Å"check† patients, write them a prescription, and then fill it for them, all without a single face to face with the patient. The consquences of using these illicit drugs is very serious. According to the DEA, nearly one in ten high school seniors admit to abusing prescription painkillers. â€Å"A shocking 40% of teens and adults think prescription drug abuse is safer than abusing â€Å"street† drug because prescription drugs have a medical purpose. â€Å"The diversion of prescription drugs cost insurance companies up to $72. 5 billion dollars annually† (NDIC). Almost $48 billion dollars of the $72. 5 billion are paid by public, governement funded insurance companies. The threat level of drug abuse depends on the dosage of the drug. For example, Dextromethorphan (street name: DXM, Skittles, Robo) is â€Å"an over the counter cough suppresent commonly found in cold medications. DXM is abused in higher than recommended dosages, mainly by adolescents, to create visual and auditory hallucinations. The recommended dosage of DXm is 15-30mg. Taking a dosage of 100-200mg results in mild stimulation, whereas taking a 200-400mg dosage results in euphoria and hallucinations. A 300-600 dosgae results in distorted visual perceptions and loss of motor cordinations. A 500-1500 dosgae may result in dissociative sedation. Any higher dosage will lead to death. As indicated above, the dosage of the abused drug affect the consquences. The higher the dosage than recommended, the more dangerous and serious the consquences. The most abused substance is hydrocodone, which is a depressant. It is a pain reliever that calms the body. â€Å"There are many indications of drug abuse. The symptons witnessed depend on the type of drug being abused† (MayoClinic). Depression and low blood pressure are indicaters of opioid painkillers abuse; drowsiness and impaired judgement indicate sedatives abuse. Stimulants abuse is indicated by insomnia and irregular heartbeat. Section 3: Analysis The research was very helpful in providing answers for the questions. I learned that there are many ways to obtain illict â€Å"street† drugs and prescription drugs. The street drugs are produced by DTOs and even trafficked by DTOs. However, they are sold by local gangs in various environements, mainly in inner cities. I learned that prescription drugs are obtained through decieving and fradulant online transactions. The most suprising fact was that drug abuse has a big affect on society. The cost for counterdrug enforcement and diversion of drugs is very costly and the money could be diverted to something more useful. The research has thought me alot about drug abuse and why avoiding it is the best option. It was helpful to learn these facts and learning the dangers of falling into the viscious drug abuse cycle. Works Cited â€Å"DEA Briefs & Background, Drugs and Drug Abuse, Prescription Drug Fact Sheet. † PE Html PUBLIC â€Å"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1. 0 Transitional//EN† â€Å"http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional. dtdhttp://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional. dtd † Welcome to the United States Department of Justice. Drug Enforcement Administration. Web. 13 Mar. 2010. .

Internal Control and Home Improvement Essay

Lowe’s Home Improvement is a chain of retail home improvement based in the United States. It was founded in 1946 in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina. Lowe’s Home Improvement has expanded internationally into Mexico, Canada, and joint venture with Woolworths Limited in Australia. Lowe’s Home Improvement ranked 54 in Fortune 500 for 2012, decreasing four spots in 2011 (â€Å"Cnn money,† 2012). Lowe’s Home Improvement is the second largest retail home improvement chain, behind The Home Depot. There are 1,724 Lowe’s stores throughout United States, Canada, Mexico operating with more than 234,000 employees (â€Å"Lowe’s home improvement, 2012†). Stakeholders are individuals, groups, or organizations that have a stake in the business. Stakeholders are categorize into two types: internal or external. Internal stakeholders can be owners, managers, and employees. External stakeholders can be suppliers, lenders, and customers (Worthington, 2009). Human Resource (Safety) There are many safety rules in Lowe’s Home Improvement. â€Å"We strive to sustain a safety culture that integrates safety into all parts of our business. Safety is a core value of our company. We hold our leadership teams accountable for creating and maintaining a safe environment to work and shop. Safety practices are incorporated into each job task, and we believe training is critical to ensuring safety awareness and knowledge are maintained at the highest level† (â€Å"Focusing on safety,† 2012, p. 1). When I was the Department Manager of Product Service, I was in charge of 70 percent of all resets in the store including display changes, merchandising refresh, and general product rotation. As an internal stakeholder (manager), I knew all the rules. However, some of these rules prevented me from accomplishing my job. Sometimes resets require me to get inside the bay to maneuver the products, beams, or shelves. This is strictly against Lowe’s policy, which states I should get an order picker (machine to hold me up). I understand the need for the rules, but sometimes they cannot be followed exactly (prior thoughts as a Department Manager). If I were to get hurt while doing, Lowe’s is liable for my injuries or death. Even though it clearly states it in our policy not to do these actions, it could not be proven that I was properly trained or ever informed about it. This is why it is important for all incidents to be reported. As an Assistant Store Manager, I must constantl y coach and train my associates and document (validate). I must ensure every decision my employees makes is what is best for the business. Employee incidents are known as workers’ comp claims that directly affect profitable. When the store reports the incident to our claims department, we are automatically deducted profits to pay for the expense. This can range from $10,000 to whatever. . Just recently, we had to pay for knee surgery for our outside sales representatives. Unfortunately, these claims can take many years to close, because the individual can continue to get treatment even after surgery. Typically, workers comp will attempt to pay the individual out before paying for surgery. If the individual accepts the buyout, they will lose their job. An external stakeholder is the customers that come in the building. Lowe’s is just as liable for any injuries or damages caused to a customer as an employee is. Every morning an Assistant Store Manager must walk the Daily Safety Review (DSR) to verify the store is clean, clear, and safe. We must verify that all top stock, product, safety procedures, locks, and safety chains are up and operational. Recently, someone did not properly place a stack of trashcans in top stock. The trashcans were not standing on the tops and fell around 11:30am, luckily no customers or employees were hit with ten trashcans as they fell. Customer incidents are known as general liability claims that directly affect profitable. When the store reports the incident to our claims department, we are automatically deducted profits to pay for the expense. This can range from $2500 to $25,000. Anything over $25,000 is distributed among the rest of the district. To make up $2500 in pure profit is to sell roughly $6,000 when you calculate employee salary, utilities, and facility cost. Marketing (Deceptive Advertising) The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) oversees any deceptive claims of products or services. Recently, the FTC won a $40 million settlement against Sketchers’ toning shoes and apparel. Sketchers falsely represented clinic studies claiming their Shape-Ups, Toners, Tone-Ups, and Resistance Runners would help people lose weight, and tone and strengthen their butts, legs, and abdominal muscles. The most deceptive ad was used during Super Bowl featuring Kim Kardashian firing her personal training for a pair of Shape-Ups. Sketchers truly believed they would win the multiple lawsuits in different states, but choose to settle out for the ease of the company and individuals (Bachman, 2012). Deceptive advertisement can negatively affect internal and external stakeholders. Customer service is the most important aspect of any business. Deceptive advertising can create a negative experience for customers, which directly affect employees. A bad customer service experience can dramatically cost any business thousands of dollars. The internet is the playground for anyone. This can create a bad reputation when individuals post on their Facebook, Twitter, or other social media sites. If a business loses its customers base, it cannot support its employees. Recently, at my Lowe’s Store we had the state department conducting an internal audit on pricing. The last time this audit was done was in 2004. The audit required scanning 50 products and verifying the correct price is labeled. If the price was incorrect, this would be considered false advertisement or deceptive advertisement and Lowe’s would be fine thousands of dollars. Fortunately, we passed the audit with no issues. Accounting (Unethical Practices) Accounting fraud will continue to happen if there is opportunity. There must be provisions that prevent opportunity. Olympus Corporation covered up $1.7 billion in accounting fraud. The three executives inflated company’s net worth for five years. Three executives pleaded guilty to covering up and firing the chief executive who originally found the discrepancy. This is one of the largest corporate scandals in Japan. The United States put in place corporate governance reform after the Enron scandal. These unethical behaviors can result in lawsuits from shareholders. After the Enron scandal, Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley (Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) pushed a law through that changed regulation of financial practices and governance of corporations. Internal stakeholders have large investments into their company. First, it is their livelihood. Second, they could own company stock. Lastly, if the corporation goes under what value does that company add to the individuals resume? Employees of large corporation rarely see their importance in the big picture of things. The employees build companies. No matter how low your position is you can directly affect the business positively or negatively. As managers it is my job to ensure that my employees are align with the company’s vision and mission. External stakeholders can also be affected by unethical accounting practices. The most obvious example would be if the customer were also a stakeholder in shares. This can directly affect the value of the stock. Another example would be customers affected in small towns. For example, if in their small town there is no other hardware store but Lowe’s Home Improvement. What would happen if that Lowe’s store closed, where would citizens of the town go to get their supplies? How much farther would they have to travel? This creates a huge inconvenience and provides opportunity for other small convenience/gas stores charge more for product. Conclusion Awareness is the number one preventer in safety issues. Companies must develop incentives for employees to remain and operate safely. At Lowe’s if, a store goes 60 days accident free, there is a cook out that is hosted by the store. One time at my store, we went 265 days accident free, we held the highest accident free days in the division. Companies must develop and promote these incentives for employees to remain safe. This includes knowing when to get help and when to do it yourself. The saying â€Å"work smarter not harder† must be in every employees forefront. Deceptive advertising is typically dealt with at corporate levels in retail. However, these corporations typically do not deal with the problem. The store level associates deal with the deception. At Lowe’s, we are told to take care of the customer. Depending on the situation, as managers we may be able to substitute items to appease the customer. I believe there should be a separate department that evaluates all marketing and advertisements. This may save the company millions of dollars from lawsuits of deceptive advertisements. Companies that violate these ethics share common elements. Three common elements enable individuals to violate ethical or criminal misconduct in a corporation. 1. The availability of an opportunity 2. The existence of some form of pressure leading to an incentive 3. The capacity to rationalize. These three elements are arranged in a pyramid. Opportunity is the top of the pyramid. Opportunity is at the top because without opportunity nothing would exist. To reduce or eliminate opportunity, companies must implement effective internal controls. These can include policies and procedures, audits, and departments who oversee (checks and balances). The best example of these internal procedures is a bank securing its money in a safe. These are designed to keep unwanted people out. Pressure is located at the bottom left corner. Pressure can come from managers using intimidation, family expectations (standard of living), personal vices, and poor decision-making. For example, a manager may use intimidation and say, â€Å"You will be fired if you do not achieve your sales numbers†. This type of pressure can cause certain employees to go too far. The last element is rationalization located at the bottom right corner. The individuals we are talking about do not think they are evil; rather they justify their own misconduct. Some rationalization would be everyone does it, I deserve this, I am only borrowing the money, and the company can afford it. Unfortunately, there will be individuals who cross the ethical line. It takes the personal integrity of an individual to resist the opportunity. The best indicator of these individuals is there past performances (â€Å"Fundamental managerial accounting†, 2006). To fix these issues requires appropriate checks and balances. Corporations must ensure they have policies and procedures to prevent such opportunities from existing. In addition, these policies must be validated consistently and frequently. References Bachman, K. (2012, May 16). Sketchers settle deceptive ad case with FTC for $40m. Retrieved from http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/skechers-ad-case-ftc-40m-140577 CNN money. (2012, May 21). Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2012/snapshots/2686.html Edmonds, T., Tsay, B., & Olds, P. (2006). Fundamental managerial accounting concepts. Retrieved from http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073526797/student_view0/ebook/chapter1/chbody1/ethical_consideration s.html Focusing on safety. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.lowes.com/cd_Focusing on Safety_323526845_ Lowe’s Home Improvement. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.lowescreativeideas.com/social/our-vision-and-values.html Slodkowski, A. (2012, September 25). Japanese camera and medical equipment maker Olympus Corporation and three of its former executives pleaded guilty on Tuesday over charges related to a $1.7 billion accounting cover-up in one of Japan’s biggest corporate scan dals. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/25/us-olympus-trial-idUSBRE88O01920120925 Worthington, I. (2009, February 09). Improvement and innovation. Retrieved from http://www.improvementandinnovation.com/features/article/stakeholders-and-how-they-affect-your-business/

Introduction to Business Law and Ethics

Introduction to Business Law and Ethics Susana Silvestri Grand Canyon University BUS-340 October 17, 2010 Introduction to Business Law and Ethics Statutory interpretation was critical to the Supreme Court of Colorado’s resolution of a 2007 case, Pringle v. Valdez. Using an online source or sources, locate the Pringle decision. Then do the following: 1. Read Justice Bender’s majority opinion and prepare a case brief of the sort described in this chapter’s appendix on â€Å"Reading and Briefing Cases. 2. Read the dissenting opinion authored by Justice Coats. Then prepare a one-page essay that (a) summarizes the principal arguments made in the dissenting opinion; (b) sets forth your view on which analysis—the majority opinion’s or the dissenting opinion’s—is better; and (c) Provide the reasons for the view you have expressed in (b). 1. Case Briefing Pringle v. Valdez 06SC92 (2007) Court: Supreme Court Class: Civil Facts: Pringle lost con trol of the vehicle while taking Valdez home.Valdez was not wearing his seatbelt causing a series of injuries when ejected of the vehicle. Valdez requested compensation for impairment and disfigurement, and noneconomic losses. The argument lays on the â€Å"Noneconomic losses† which might fall under the â€Å"pain and suffering† under the seatbelt defense. Issue: The wording used involving â€Å"pain and suffering† and â€Å"noneconomic damages† referred to in the Seatbelt defense provision Holding: Awarding of $400,000 for physical disfigurement and impairment. Rule:The wording in dispute â€Å"pain and suffering† and â€Å"noneconomic damages† will be further evaluated. Analysis: â€Å"Pain and Suffering† and â€Å"noneconomic damages† are many times considered to be similar and by studying the demand of the case it can be ruled as been the same but using a different name. Conclusion: Non-award of $100,000 for noneconomic dam ages. Award of $400,00 for physical impairment and disfigurement. Pringle v. Valdez is obviously at first a case of Majority Opinion which in an appeal court was turned into a dissenting opinion.Part of the case held while the other was discussed, studied and adjust for an accurate ruling, in order to explain and grant a decision by the jurors and the judge according with the Statutory Interpretation of the case. Mallor, J. P. , Barnes, A. J. , Bowers, T. & Langvardt, A. W. , 2010, p. 24 http://www. courts. state. co. us/Courts/Supreme_Court/opinions/2006/06SC92. pdf Jerrie Gray worked at a Tyson Foods plant where she was exposed to comments, gestures, and physical contact that, she alleged, constituted sexual harassment.Tyson disputed the allegation, arguing that the behavior was not unwelcome, that the complained about conduct was not based on sex, that the conduct did not affect a term, condition, or privilege of employment, and that proper remedial action was taken in response t o any complaint by Gray of sexual harassment. During the trial in federal court, a witness for Gray repeatedly volunteered inadmissible testimony that the judge had to tell the jury to disregard. At one point, upon an objection from the defendant’s counsel, the witness asked, â€Å"May I say something here? The judge told her she could not. Finally, after the jury left the courtroom, the witness had an angry outburst that continued into the hallway, in view of some of the jurors. The jury awarded Gray $185,000 in compensatory and $800,000 in punitive damages. Tyson believed that it should not have been liable, that the awards of damages were excessive and unsupported by evidence, and that the inadmissible evidence and improper conduct had tainted the proceedings. What courses of action may Tyson pursue? Tyson Foods entered a trial in a Federal Court after a sexual harassment case was filed.Tyson Foods follow protocol and tried to solve the issue ahead of time. During trial t he witness continued to make comments that were dismissed which were then awarded based on comments made after the hearing was completed and the company was liable to pay almost $1,000,000. 00. Based on Tyson Foods believes they should appeal the Federal Court decision due to the fact that the claims were unsupported by evidence. Also they should add the fact that the inadmissible evidence and improper conduct of the witness had tainted the proceedings issuing an unfair ruling.You own a consulting firm with 32 employees and annual billings of $29,000,000. One of your clients, whom you bill an average of $1,200,000 annually, has asked you to hire her grandson. You know that the grandson has been recently graduated from a top-20 business school. He is 31 years old, has a solid academic record, and possesses the personal and professional skills to be successful as a consultant. You also know, however, that he is a recovering cocaine addict, having struggled with the addiction for five years prior to his attending business school.Your firm has a strict no-drugs policy, which you usually interpret to exclude those who previously abused drugs. Using justice theory, justify a decision to exempt the grandson from your firm’s no-drugs policy. Could you make the same decision as a profit maximizer? This decision can doors to law suits for discrimination to previous applicants which applications had been denied. On the other hand, the company has the risk to loose a good client. As owner, I will first make sure to read, examine and adjust any clause related to hiring and the no-drugs policy. The words â€Å"recovering† and â€Å"recovered† are different.Hiring someone in the recovering stage, the company is breaking the no-drugs policy. If adjustments are made to the policy to accommodate applicants from this point on that are â€Å"recovering† or â€Å"recovered† drug addicts, it will be to implementing random drug tests weekly. This w ill be costly to the firm but will guarantee the no-drug policy to remain unbroken; the potential new employee must agree to this practice and the consequences based on the results. Justice Theory is based on â€Å"the protection of those who are least advantaged in society† (Mallor, J. P. , Barnes, A. J. , Bowers, T. & Langvardt, A. W. , 2010, p. 5), making changes and adjusting the policy will fall under this category. Giving a second chance to those in disadvantage in society. Maximizer â€Å"requires a decision maker to maximize a business’s long-run profits within the limits of the law†(Mallor, J. P. , Barnes, A. J. , Bowers, T. & Langvardt, A. W. , 2010, p. 95) if this potential employee is capable to obey the policy and continue a successful recovery it could mean a win-win situation. You are assigned by your employer, Jay-Mart Corporation, an international discount retailer, to supervise the construction of ten new retail superstores in Shanghai, China.A ll construction is being done by a Chinese-owned contractor in compliance with Ja to those iny-Mart’s construction standards. After an earthquake in China kills over 70,000 people, China’s legislature passes a statute requiring new buildings to have a greater ability to withstand a large earthquake. The Chinese contractor has approached you and suggested that the new Chinese construction standards are unnecessarily high, that Jay-Mart’s construction standards are sufficient to protect against any earthquake likely to occur, and that the cost of complying with the new Chinese construction standards will increase construction costs 20 percent.What do you do if you believe that ethical behavior requires you to maximize Jay-Mart’s profits? A â€Å"profit maximization results in ethical conduct because it requires society’s members to act within the constraints of the law. A profit maximizer, therefore, acts ethically by complying with society’s mores as expressed in its laws. † (2) (Mallor, J. P. , Barnes, A. J. , Bowers, T. & Langvardt, A. W. , 2010, p. 7) With this in mind the supervisor of the construction site, the decision has to be made were the company’s profit could be reduced to 20% due to the increase of the construction. This change should be shown to the company’s finance department. The profits at short term could be affected by going with the construction based on the laws standards. By actually continue with the original plan the company could be liable to law suits if another natural disaster occur and the construction standards were not followed, this could affect the long run profits of the company.There are many ways to cut expenses; one that could be proposed can be to build 8 stores instead of the 10 originally proposed, this will absorbed the 20% increase to maintain the project under the stipulated budget without affecting the short term profit.References Mallor, J. P. , Barnes, A. J. , Bowers, T. & Langvardt, A. W. (2010). Business Law (14th ed. ). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin http://www. courts. state. co. us/Courts/Supreme_Court/opinions/2006/06SC92. pdf (Retrieved October 12, 2010)

Influence of Neoclassicism on Romanticism

Niccolo Machiavelli once said, â€Å"whoever wishes to foresee the future must consult the past†, seems to sum the influence of past artistic styles on works of art across varying time periods. Neoclassicism, a popular art style in the 18th and early 19th century drew inspiration from Roman and Greek culture, it rose in response to a desire to revive the classical art period, whilst Romanticism, an art style that became popular at the end of the neoclassical period, embraced medievalism and revolted against the Age of Enlightenment and the classics that was the heart of the Neoclassical movement. Whether artists chose to embrace past styles or deviate from them, either way they are influenced by them. Despite contrasting views and techniques between the two periods, Romanticism grew out of Neoclassicism. Neoclassicism can be defined as the revival of the classical style in art, literature, architecture and music. It was an influential style in art during the 18th and 19th cent ury that lasted from the 1760’s until the 1850’s. Neoclassicism rose in reaction to the Rocco and Baroque styles that were popular during the middle of the 18th century in the United States and Western Europe especially France.Neoclassicism was the result of a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture as a result of archeological discoveries of buried Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, which brought about new inspiration. The Neoclassical era was also called the Age of Enlightenment as the Industrial Revolution was taking place. There were many new inventions and this lead to the growth of many factories. With new inventions, there was new knowledge, hence the reference to enlightenment and â€Å"neo† which means new.During the Neoclassical period, artists also focused on moral revivalism due to admiration for philosophers like Aristotle and Plato and also reflected on the Renaissance era. Neoclassical artists looked to the past as a guide to the present because of the assumption that human nature was constant. They did not strive to be original but to express â€Å"old truths in a newly effective way†. Neoclassical artists emphasized distinct characteristic styles in their work. These included the themes of patriotism, justice and honor.French artists of the Neoclassical movement drew parallels between ancient Rome and France. During the Neoclassical period, France was fighting the French Revolution and citizens reshaped France by uprooting the absolute monarchy. Neoclassicism appealed to artists who were in support of the French Revolution . French artist, Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii 1784 is one of the most renowned paintings of the Neoclassical era. It depicts a scene of two warring cities in Rome, in which three brothers are preparing to fight for their country, which demonstrated patriotism.Other characteristic styles of this period included clean lines, symmetry and restraint in emotion. Painti ngs featured vivid contrast between light and dark colors. These features can be seen in The Oath of Horatii in which clean lines and symmetry can be seen in the depiction of Roman columns and the standing position of the brothers, the only emotion depicted is that of the women portrayed in the painting. The background color is dark compared to the foreground, which is bright and vivid, emphasizing the soldiers, which was a main technique used by the artists .Another feature characteristic of Neoclassicism was the attempt to depict in great detail, the setting and costumes of the era with as much historical accuracy. Joseph-Marie Vien, Young Greek Maidens Decking the Sleeping Cupid with Flowers 1773 demonstrates this attention to detail, as the center point of this painting is the three Greek maidens whose dress is executed with great detail and vivid colors. Romanticism began during the 18th century and lasted until the 19th century just as Neoclassicism, with Romanticism peaking a fter the neoclassical period.Romanticism grew out of a need to express the emotions and the adoration of nature that Romanticists felt had become lost during the Age of Enlightenment. They sought to search the subconscious and spirituality for answers rather than pure logic of the Neoclassical period. Other themes distinctive to this period were supernatural elements and historical nostalgia. Romanticism was especially popular in Britain and Germany. It was a reaction to the dehumanization that occurred during Neoclassicism due to industrialization.Romanticism bore many characteristics such as appreciation for nature, it saw nature as an escape from the dehumanization caused by industrialization. It examined the power of nature as evident in Philip James de Loutherbourg, An Avalanche in the Alps 1803 that depicted an avalanche so awesome that it terrified the people in the foreground of the painting. Another characteristic style of the Romantic period was the revival of past styles such as medievalism. Medieval ruins were an inspiration to these artists, and can be seen in paintings such as Gaspar David Friedrich, Eldena Ruin 1825.The supernatural was another theme explored by the Romantics. Ghosts, fairies and demons were symbolic of the rejection of materialism for spiritualism; this was depicted in William Blake, The Great Red Dragon and the Women Clothed with the Sun 1805 that portrays a dragon from the Book of Revelation. Artists during this period sought to express as much emotion they could in their artwork. There were expressions on every face including animals and humans; an example of this is Theodore Gericault, Mad Woman With A Mania of Envy 1822-1823 in which he depicts an old woman with a worrisome expression and uncanny stare.Neoclassicism and Romanticism were two art styles that were popular during the 18th and 19th Century. Neoclassicism celebrated the classics such as the Greek and Roman culture. It was a rebirth of the new classical period an d artists sought to emphasize on patriotism, honor and justice. Many paintings depicted Roman soldiers and Greek temples and philosophers and were in support of the French Revolution whilst Romanticism drew emphasis on emotions and nature; it celebrated the modern and the medieval time.Romanticism embraced the individuality of the painter, who drew on creativity to paint rather than adherence to rules and tradition like their Neoclassic counterparts. Neoclassicism celebrated the French Revolution and Industrialization, which Neoclassicists saw as enlightenment as there were new ancient findings and industrialization, which brought new knowledge. Artists inspired by the Romantic period saw enlightenment as dehumanizing. They rebelled against conformity to societal norms to which Neoclassicists saw as being of great importance.Romanticism was more creative than Neoclassicism; it sought to draw on spirituality and emotion, as Romanticists believed that not all questions could be answer ed by rationality but rather by irrationality. Neoclassical painters stressed drawing with lines and symmetry which is symbolic of living within the lines of conformity, they also used vivid color contrast with light and dark with no visible brushstrokes to draw interest to the main focus of the art piece. However, Romanticism used rich color, and a painterly technique with no distinct lines and visible brushstrokes in their works.Subjects depicted in Neoclassical art were from Roman and Greek history whilst Romantic artists subjects were legends, ghosts, witches, violence and nature. The role of Neoclassicism was to morally uplift as depicted in The Oath of Horatii in which men were strong and loyal to France, whilst Romanticism sought to create a dramatic effect that would take the viewer away as seen in An Avalanche in the Alps in which the avalanche is so magnificent and terrifying at the same time.When examining renowned paintings from both artistic periods: Neoclassicism and R omanticism, Neoclassicist Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii and Romanticist Joseph Mallord William Turner, The Slave Ship are some of the most renowned paintings of their respective eras. The Oath of Horatii depicts a scene in which three brothers take swords from their father. The men are dressed in red, white and blue that represented the colors of France. This was thought to inspire patriotism, as it was symbolic of the brothers fighting for the good of country.In contrast to the theme of patriotism and the fight for the greater good of all, the Slave Ship sought to inspire anti-slavery efforts and the fight for human kind versus country as in the Neoclassical period. The Oath of Horatii can be viewed as celebrating the Industrial Revolution as it inspired the French to fight for economic progress whilst The Slave Ship revolted against Industrialization, which it viewed as the exploitation of slaves and human labor for economic growth.Another feature was the use of col or; in The Oath of Horatii, the background is dark compared to the vivid colors of the foreground, allowing the focus to be on the brothers hence reinforcing the theme of loyalty and patriotism. The brushstrokes are controlled and there are distinct lines, which is seen in the position in which the men stand, point their swords. Lines are symbolic of conformity, which can be viewed as staying between the lines. In The Slave Ship, brushstrokes are soft, colors are bright as seen in the deep red sunset and are blended in so there in no distinct lines.The symbolism of the lack of lines represents man’s freedom to choose and his individuality. The use of color draws attention to the background rather than the foreground, which makes the sky the main focus point. Human nature is also explored in The Oath of Horatii; the human need to stand strong in the face of adversity is depicted by the men in the painting, all of who raise their hands to their father in support of the fight un like the women who seemed fearful and crouched over in distress. In The Slave Ship, nature depicted does not refer to human nature but simply, nature.Neoclassicism used humans as their subjects and Romanticism used nature as their subjects. The rough sea and the majestic sky are the main focus in this artwork, which celebrates nature and shows how powerful nature is as the dead slaves are visible in the water along with nature’s creatures that are feeding on human carcass. The Oath of Horatii is symbolic of Neoclassicism as it depicts patriotism, linear painting technique, use of light and dark colors and human nature, which are characteristic of this era.The Slave Ship is representative of the style of Romanticism; it depicts revolt against industrialization, nature, use of painter techniques and bright colors. Romanticism influenced the future art world by leaving its legacy behind and for others to follow and lead to new artistic styles. It stimulated the birth of many art schools such as the Norwich School of Landscape Painting, which was the first provincial arts body to hold exhibitions in Britain during the 19th century. Famous artists from this school included John Crome who was famous for his paintings depicting sceneries of Norfolk.Another school influenced by the Romantic art style was the St Ives School of Art in England which flourished in the 20th century with its paintings being displayed today at the best art museums in the world such as the British Art Museum. St Ives School of Art later became renowned for its abstract sculptures and paintings that led to the development of modern art including Avant-Garde art that pushed the boundaries of cultural norms. Romanticism can be see as influential to the development of Avant-Garde as it began as a deviation from norms of society.Famous artists from this school included Barbara Hepworth and Ben Nicholson who were renowned their abstract art and cement sculptures. Romanticism calls for the ar tist to be creative and not follow the classics. Marcel Duchamp, Fountain 1917 in which he exhibits a ready made urinal as a piece of art can be seen as being influenced by Romanticism as it asks for the artist to be creative. Hence we can see Avant-Garde and Dadaism being influence by Romanticism . Whether artists chose to embrace past styles or deviate from them, either way they are influenced by them.Both Neoclassicism and Romanticism were popular art styles in the 18th and early 19th century, with Romanticism occurring during the later years. Neoclassicism drew inspiration from Roman and Greek culture and embraced the classics while Romanticism drew inspiration from emotions, nature and the historical period of medievalism. Romanticism grew out of contempt for the basic foundation of the Neoclassical era as Romantics felt that the Age of Enlightenment suppressed our creativity and dehumanized us, despite their contrasting views, we can see the influence of Neoclassicism on Roman ticism.

Latin and United States

Apush Revolution is a huge change of power under a very short period of time. The world revolution comes from the Latin language and is defined as â€Å"a turn around†. It is an overthrow of government by the human population being governed. It is a very sudden event, which can last from 5 months to ten years. Changes occur regardless over a short period of time. America was a revolution whether we like it or not. It went through many changes under such a short period of time, which would consider it a revolution. America has hosted many revolutions. The country itself has been an entire revolution.We still go through many changes as a country, as we grow and build. In addition, America has grown incredibly quick since it was found by Christopher Columbus in 1492. We have become diverse. Take slavery, which was abolished and now nonexistent in this country. We have the ability to change drastically which is a beautiful thing. Standing up for our rights is what has changed our country incredibly. Unfortunately, people claim America was never considered a revolution. These humans do not look deeply under the surface of the situation though. Take all of the arguments and battles that we have been through.Take example, pilgrims settling in America for the first time. They formed communities, to towns. We then populated over the entire United States. Our country is the epitome of change. In conclusion, the United States of America will always be considered a revolution all on its own. Too many changes have occurred in this country for it not to be a revolution. People are welcome to argue the point, but everyone in the end knows the real answer. We should be happy with the fact of our country being able to change so well. It is something not many countries our capable of.