Statistics from the War on Drugs Tell a Story

Insights from the War on Drugs Tell a Story In 1971, President Richard Nixon originally announced a national â€Å"war on drugs,† and significantly expanded the size and authority of central government tranquilize control organizations. Since 1988, the U.S. war against illicit medications has been facilitated by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). The executive of the ONDCP assumes the genuine job of Americas Drug Czar. Made by the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, the ONDCP instructs the President concerning the United States on tranquilize control issues, organizes medicate control exercises and related subsidizing over the Federal government, and produces the yearly National Drug Control Strategy, which traces Administration endeavors to diminish illegal medication use, fabricating and dealing, sedate related wrongdoing and brutality, and medication related wellbeing outcomes. Under the coordination of the ONDCP, the accompanying government organizations play key authorization and warning jobs in the War on Drugs: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services AdministrationFederal Bureau of InvestigationBureau of Justice AssistanceDrug Enforcement AgencyUnited States Customs and Border ProtectionNational Institute on Drug AbuseU.S. Coast Guard Is it accurate to say that we are Winning? Today, as medication abusers keep on flooding America’s detainment facilities and savage medication wrongdoings demolish neighborhoods, numerous individuals reprimand the adequacy of War on Drugs. Nonetheless, real insights recommend that without the War on Drugs, the issue might be far and away more terrible. For instance, during monetary year 2015, Customs and Border Protection alone detailed seizing: 135,943 pounds of cocaine;2,015 pounds of heroin;6,135 pounds of methamphetamine; and4,330,475 (Yes, 4.3 million) pounds of cannabis. During monetary year 2014, the Drug Enforcement Agency seized: 74,450 pounds of cocaine;2, 248 pounds of heroin;6,494 pounds of methamphetamine; and163,638 pounds of cannabis. (The inconsistency in weed seizures is owing to the way that Customs and Border Protection has the principle duty regarding catching the medication as it streams into the U.S. from Mexico.) Likewise, the ONDCP detailed that during 1997, U.S. law authorization offices held onto an expected $512 million in unlawful medication exchange related money and property. So does the seizure of 2,360 tons of unlawful medications by two government organizations in only two years show the achievement or express vanity of the War on Drugs? Regardless of the volume of medications seized, the Federal Bureau of Investigation announced an expected 1,841,200 state and neighborhood captures for tranquilize misuse infringement in the United States during 2007. In any case, regardless of whether the War on Drugs has been a crushing achievement or a horrid disappointment, it has been costly. Financing the War In monetary year 1985, the yearly government financial plan dispensed $1.5 billion to battling unlawful medication use, dealing and medication related wrongdoing. By financial year 2000, that figure had expanded to $17.7 billion, expanding by nearly $3.3 billion every year. Bounce to monetary year 2016, when President Obama’s spending plan included $27.6 billion to help the National Drug Control Strategy, an expansion of $1.2 billion (4.7%) above financial year 2015 subsidizing. In February 2015, U.S. Medication Czar and chief of the Obama administration’s ONDCP Michael Botticelli endeavored to legitimize the use in his affirmation address to the Senate. â€Å"Earlier this month, President Obama in his 2016 Budget mentioned notable degrees of financing incorporating $133 million in new assets to address the narcotic abuse scourge in the U.S. Utilizing a general wellbeing structure as its establishment, our methodology additionally recognizes the crucial job that government state and nearby law authorization play in lessening the accessibility of medications another hazard factor for tranquilize use,† said Botticelli. â€Å"It underscores the crucial significance of essential avoidance in halting medication use before it ever starts by financing anticipation endeavors over the country.† Botticelli included that the consumption was expected to expel the â€Å"systemic challenges† that had generally kept down advancement in the War on Drugs: Over-criminalization of illicit medication use;lack of joining with standard clinical care;lack of protection inclusion for sedate maltreatment treatment; andlegal hindrances that make it hard for individuals once engaged with the criminal equity framework to modify their lives. A recouping alcoholic himself, Botticelli asked the a huge number of Americans in substance misuse recuperation to â€Å"come out† and request to be dealt with like individuals with non-misuse related constant maladies. â€Å"By putting countenances and voices to the illness of compulsion and the guarantee of recuperation, we can lift the drapery of tried and true way of thinking that keeps on keeping such a large number of us covered up and without access to lifesaving treatment,† he said.

Gay marriage in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gay marriage in China - Research Paper Example In China, exceptionally little accomplishments encompassing the issue of gay relationships have been figured it out. As per Fedorak, â€Å"in 1997, the law that prohibited homosexuality was canceled, and in 2001, homosexuality was not, at this point delegated a psychological illness† (90). The have been various endeavors to have the marriage laws that just perceive straight relationships corrected, however they have all been ineffective. This paper is a factious examination exposition that suggests that gay relationships ought not be legitimized in china. This is after an intensive look, conversation and impression of the two sides of the contention. The presence of gay people in China is a reality: Same sex connections have existed in China for an extremely prolonged stretch of time. As indicated by Newton, â€Å"long-term same-sex adoring connections were basic during specific times of early Chinese history, with at any rate 10 rulers between the period 206 BCE and 1 CE known to have been associated with such relationships† (5). This anyway doesn't imply that homosexuality was acknowledged; it was somewhat decently endured. Drescher and Lingiardi call attention to that â€Å"it was simply after 1949 that gay conduct was truly rebuffed in China and filled in as justification for mistreatment during Chinese political changes between the 1950s and 1970s† (117). From this, obviously the Chinese individuals have consistently acknowledged homosexuality and its reality, however not its legitimization. Every Chinese resident have equivalent rights: The main explanation the law ought to deny individuals their privileges is in occurrences where the rights are illegal. The Chinese criminal law has no particular proclamation that depicts the status of gay people or whether it is illicit or not. Just the accompanying explanation exists in the nation’s laws: â€Å"all hooliganism ought to be exposed to capture and sentence† (West and Green 63). For this situation hooliganism implies any disturbance of social request. Since homosexuality is significantly censured in the Chinese society and saw as

Model of Professional Enhancement and School Leadership Free Essays

The plan of this study is to explore the ‘Model of Professional Enhancement and School Leadership in a Pakistani Context ‘ . This examination will delineate the impacts of various signifier of expert advancement on guidance and securing in Karachi, open and private Primary Secondary schools, using study methodological investigation. This section examines, the structure of the study incorporate a portrayal of research theory, teacher and chief populace and tests, study instruments, educator and leader treatment processs, free factors, strategy utilized for total and intercession of informations, and the measurable methods utilized. We will compose a custom exposition test on Model of Professional Enhancement and School Leadership or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now 3.1 RESEARCH Design: This exploration includes an elucidating measurement inquire about review, looking into the bing achievements, properties and conduct. It depicts the improvement of coordination examination with the conduct of the LPI and the relationship among the factors of school proficient obtaining networks. Two investigation instruments, LPI and SPSLC were utilized for roll uping informations. During Aug and Sep 2006 an investigation entitled Leadership Practice Inventory ( LPI ) was organized for school principals, in light of 30 separate articulations, alludes five of the examples, for example, Challenge the technique, Inspire a Shared Vision, Model the Way, Enables others to Act, Encourage the Heart, in the record of the instrument. The announcements were unpredictably positioned inside the setting of the Likert Scales are as per the following: About Never, sometimes, Seldom, Sometimes, Normally, Very Frequently and Almost Always. The ( SPSLC ) School Professional Staff as a Learning Community will flexibly, an anxiety of teacher ‘s agonizing perceptual experience on proficient obtaining affected by driving example stock rundown. The announcements delineating educator ‘s perceptual encounters were coded using 17 types of five measurements. SPSLC marked as: diminish 1a Autocratic Style, 1b Participatory Management, diminish 2a Positive and Shared vision for staff, 2b Positive vision for researcher, 2c Positive Vision for Learning Process, diminish 3a Collective Learning and Share Information, 3b Consideration and Learning Issues of Staff, 3c Teaching and Non Teaching Issues, 3d Improvement and Implementation of Learning Staff, 3e Assessment and Revision of Teaching Staff, diminish 4a Vision and Observation of Classroom Teaching, 4b Class room Observation and Interaction of Learning Staff, diminish 5a Agreement of clasp for Staff Interacting, 5b School Condition and Capacity of Structure, 5c Staff â €˜s Communication and Trust, 5d Positive Relationship Among Staff, 5e Isolated and Collaborative conduct, stand foring every one of the 17 structures from the SPSLC. 3.2 SAMPLE Population: The number of inhabitants in this review involved 20 specialists and 20 tuition based schools in Karachi. This was a gathering review of teachers and principals rehearsing out in the open and tuition based schools of Karachi, city domain specialists schools are incorporate. These schools had a joined total of around 80 principals and 80 teachers. The main example stock rundown ( LPI ) was approached to complete the poll to each take separating school head as a sense of self perceiver for their foundation. The school proficient staff as a securing network ( SPSLC ) poll was filled by the take separating school educators. 3.2 CENSUS INSTRUMENT ( a ) LEADERSHIP PRACTICE INVENTORY ( LPI ) : â€Å" The main example stock rundown ( LPI ) has its start in an exploration undertaking Jim Kouzes and Barry Posner started in 1983 † . LPI is one of the most celebrated of the rack instrument which is utilized universe expansive by look into laborer examining the of import properties and practices of driving. The significance and centrality of LPI can be judge simple by the way that it has the utilization of more than one million individuals everywhere throughout the universe since past two decennaries. The outcomes which are driven from LPI have demonstrated it, a reliable and legitimate instrument used to mensurate driving effectivity. Moreover, the results have other than demonstrated that driving achievements and practices can be simple comprehended and learned. An instrument is viewed as a decent, in the event that it has sound psychometric belongingss, the outcome ought to be reliable and legitimate. The cogency of an instrument can be decided by its fact of predicting an open introduction. LPI has two cogencies for example menu and prognostic. Passage cogency shows that the outcomes are essentially connected with open introduction steps and can be use to predict effectivity of driving examples simple. This instrument is contained 30 explanations to quantify, the five examples of model driving model and the LPI contributed plentifully to our trepidation of the main methodology and in the turn of events and releasing of driving capablenesss. The verification of LP can be decided by look intoing the tonss of LPI among high and low acting advances. This unconventional issue was inspected by executing bias examinations as classification procedure to discover the result of LPI tonss on bunch executives which are characterized under army open in troduction based classs. The open introduction classs of the executives on LPI onlooker pioneer ‘s adequacy graduated table can be shaped by puting the most elevated and the least tierce of the chief in an example populace. ( B ) SCHOOL PROFESSIONAL STAFF AS A LEARNING COMMUNITY ( SPSLC ) â€Å" The school proficient staff as an obtaining network ( SPSLC ) was created by Dr. Shirley Hord ( 1997 ) of the south west Regional Educational Development Laboratory, in simultaneousness with the staff of the Appalachia Educational Laboratory. Initially structured as an appraisal device for a school that reexamined itself more than a few mature ages, the SPSLC was made to â€Å" measure all around the adulthood of a schools proficient staff as a procurement network. † ( Mohan and Iestsky A ; Sattes ; 997, p. 4 ) . The SPSLC will demo informations on the hierarchical picture of the school an area from the spot of the staff individuals. This data will be utilized in building up a coordination examination with the conduct of the LPI. Further more, it will flexibly an anxiety of teacher ‘s agonizing perceptual encounters on proficient obtaining as affected by driving examples. This survey is abiding of 17 structures gathered in to five significant elements of expert securing networks. â€Å" The field-testing on the SPSLC was directed by the Appalachia Educational Laboratory substantiating that the instrument was trustworthy in recognizing modules of 20 one schools â€Å" in footings of their adulthood as learning networks. † ( Meehan or Iestysky A ; Sattes, 1997, p. 4 ) . Perceptions and numerous medicines complement on the assurance of each kind of, which is an of import highlight of beneficial larning network to progress in the direction of advancement. Numerous different characteristics required to chop down separation among staff, for example, trust and respect, steady conditions, participation and coaction, expanding staff limit, providing a gainful domain, improving of adequate conveying and shared individual examples by leaders and nearly serious socialization methodology. Strong conditions play a unique capacity to advance staff individuals, which are non intrigued with the endeavor given by the association or chief. 3.3 INFORMED Consent: Every head and educator who consented to take partition in the exploration review was given an educated assent signifier sing this examination study. The educated assent signifier depicted the goal of the overview, processs, potential perils and expected advantages related with this exploration. Further, members were guaranteed certainly of the exploration records. To the best of research laborer ‘s cognizance, the examination exercises engaged with this review represented not any more mental peril of injury than members would find in each twenty-four hours life. 3.4 DATA COLLECTION AND RESEARCH PROCEDURE: To fathom the wide vision of expert turn of events and the hypothetical record of school driving in a Pakistani setting, authorization was allowed to continue concentrate by Board of Advance Study and Research, University of Karachi. As the informations accumulation processs requires, enumeration instrument to be filled by the educators and school principals of grouped schools which are remembered for test populace. The populace comprises of 20 open and 20 tuition based schools. Ten towns out of 20 were chosen from Karachi city including Gulshan town, Jamshed Town, Saddar Town, North Nazimabad Town, Shahfaisal Town, Liaqatabad Town, Gulberg Town, Lyari Town, Malir Town and Korangi Town. Out of these 10 towns, 40 schools were chosen among which 20 schools has a place with the private segment and 20 were of specialists area. Scientist visited each school to carry on the examination as the informations were intended to be gathered from learning staff and principals on a single balance, for that reason a few educators requested a constrained clasp length to gracefully adequate input and some of them reacted squint of an eye. A basic letter, each piece great as a message of educated assent, sing the idea of this overview had been appeared to the principals, to take authorization for the circulation of nose consider instruments as a part of learning staff. The message of educated assent contained expand data about the examination laborer and the doctorial arrangement that was affirming this exploration undertaking was other than introduced by the examination specialist alongside surveys to every head. The administrators and principals who consented to participate were asked to finis

Writing a Solid Opinion Essay on History of Architecture

Composing a Solid Opinion Essay on History of Architecture The most ideal path for one to impart their insight on any topic is using a sentiment paper which makes this sort of assignments very diversion for understudies. In any case, it is likewise imperative to take note of that regardless of the reality you are drafting a feeling paper, there are as yet certain rules and composing strategies one must consider so as to compose a fantastic exposition. This article will endeavor to diagram a portion of the more significant rules you have to consider when composing an assessment exposition on the historical backdrop of design. Stage 1: Select an Essay Writing Format The field of instruction is one that accompanies a ton of rules and rules intended to show understudies the significance of structure in learning. When composing a sentiment exposition it is essential to pick a paper layout that permits you talk about your feelings with clearness. With this understanding, it is essential to take note of that there are three significant article layouts for composing a conclusion exposition: The Five Paragraph Essay Structure. This includes the utilization of five passages to investigate your musings and spread out your assessments through an early on section, three body sections and a closing section. The Expository Essay Structure. This includes the utilization of realities in persuading your crowd that your sentiments are really upheld up by the truth on ground. The Persuasive Essay Structure. When utilizing a powerful exposition structure to express your assessment, it implies that you really care about the perspective of your crowd and like the incredible speaker Cicero-you are dead set on persuading them that your opposite supposition is the right perspective on things. Stage 2: Research Your Topic Despite the paper structure you use, it is imperative to have the realities available that will assist you with composing an informed feeling piece in light of the fact that a sentiment without set up certainties is vacant. In this manner, it is essential to do a great deal of preparation so as to think of trustworthy realities that back up your conclusion. For instance if composing on the historical backdrop of engineering, you can ride sites recognizing the .edu and .gov postfix just as look at this 10 realities for a supposition exposition on the historical backdrop of design for precise data. Stage 3: Close with Passion A decent end for a sentiment exposition must be convincing and drafted to reverberate with its peruser at a more profound level. Recollect this is your sentiment and you need others to regard it or at times become tied up with it. Along these lines an energetic intrigue or an enthusiastic articulation telling the peruser how the sponsorship of realities comes to your meaningful conclusion of view substantial is the thing that a superb finishing up proclamation ought to be about. In conclusion, on the off chance that you are experiencing some difficulty concocting magnificent subjects on antiquated design, don't stop for a second to exploit the plot points in this rundown of 20 themes for a feeling paper on the historical backdrop of engineering. You can either get a subject from the rundown or let it motivate you to concoct one. Remember this is about your sentiment.

Rich and Unhappy or Poor and Happy

* Choosing a profession that pays well, however makes an individual troubled, and picking a vocation that  makes an individual  happy,but doesn't pay well. What is the motivation behind life? What is the one thing that genuinely matters so as to encounter a significant, satisfying presence? A few people may state that adoration and joy are each of the one needs so as to carry on with a satisfying life, where no measure of materialistic riches will add up to a similar degree of happiness as an actual existence where one’s vocation is something that one emphatically puts stock in and has energy for.Others, in any case, may contend that the main way to a charming life is the point at which one can live lavishly. To have the best, rarest, most costly things or attire is to have worth and significance in the public eye, which thusly, makes life worth living. So as to arrive at this stage, fundamental advances should be taken regardless of whether it causes despondency doing so. Choosing a profession that guarantees a liberal check will ensure an actual existence loaded up with materialistic products, yet it doesn’t ensure the advantages of a lifelong that lures them, for example, the drive or want to work and the satisfaction one feels that may influence their enthusiastic prosperity to improve things. However, Choosing a profession that sparkles intrigue and enthusiasm ensures a sentiment of satisfaction yet may not ensure a significant enough compensation to appreciate some of society’s extravagances, for example, the capacity to venture out or not agonizing over putting food on the table which in any case may prompt pressure that is unsafe to one’s health.In an ideal world, everybody would have the option to pick a vocation that houses the two perspectives, yet oh dear, that isn't the way the world works. Would it be a good idea for one to pick a vocation that pays well, yet makes one despondent? Or on the other hand should one pick a vocation that satisfies one, however scarcely pays the lease. A real existence loaded up with the extravagances that our general public gives can be seen by numerous individuals to be a much-wanted approach to live. For them, the final product conquers the way to arrive, for example, an unpleasant, unrewarding vocation who’s just reclaiming viewpoint is a significant paycheck.The capacity to buy the materialistic objects of ones wants, for example, an extravagant vehicle, or a major house, is sufficient for certain individuals to place themselves through school in a program that doesn’t animate them inwardly, or mentally. All things considered, with the discretionary cashflow, one would have the option to partake in exercises outside of work that is pleasant and animating, such as making a trip or going to different social occasions that are far off for those with lower incomes.However, while one might be getting a charge out of life outside of work, the brutal the truth is that one spends most of the week at ones occupation, so as a general rule, a gigantic bit of one’s life is spent in disregard and lack of concern if the work doesn’t summon any kind of pleasure. As this proceeds throughout the years, discouragement is probably going to follow because of the consistent fear and laziness that accompanies the activity, and the acknowledgment that it will resemble that all day every day for a considerable length of time to come.For the individuals who pick thusly of life, bliss likens to the quantity of assets they picked up with their well deserved cash, paying little heed to the unremarkable work they needed to experience so as to accomplish it, except if obviously, they understand they made a tremendous mix-up picking cash over their genuine dreams and goals when its as of now past the point of no return. Others have a totally unique perspective on life as the ones who esteem cash in high regard.These individuals see the advant ages of an actual existence loaded up with things that give them fulfillment, with the decision of profession being a gigantic part of it. At the point when one chooses to spend the remainder of ones life accomplishing something that one is enthusiastic and amped up for, the pay it collects wouldn’t be high on one’s rundown of concerns, particularly on the off chance that it implies that getting up each morning wouldn’t be such a feared day by day occasion. The simple idea of going through one more day accomplishing something one appreciates is sufficient to keep one persuaded all through the life span of their career.There are a couple of cases in any case, that may cause certain delay. For instance, a youthful hopeful craftsman may be happy with a one-room that serves as their studio while having ramen noodles for breakfast, lunch and supper for the time being, yet consider the possibility that not far off they choose they need to settle down and have a family before they can make a benefit from their specialty, which may not never at any point occur in any case. The weight of this acknowledgment and the consistent concern of making a decent living could be hindering down the line.Soon, the delights that the activity brings could be eclipsed by the pressure delivered by this circumstance. Luckily, a great many people that decide to go down this way can make a decent living and are content with living in the least difficult terms as long as their lives spin around the profession of their preferring. The choice of picking which vocation way to take is presumably one the most significant, tear-initiating choices an individual needs to make in the course of their life. It will direct the manner in which their life will go from that day forward nd the methods on which they should live by. Regardless of whether it is a profession that will offer huge monetary benefit, or a vocation that will present critical individual increase, the choice lay s on the sincere beliefs of the individual’s meaning of a cheerful life. Despite the fact that this choice is totally emotional, there is a detail that merits referencing; over 33% of a normal person’s life is spent working. Is having the option to by the most recent Prada extremely worth detesting a monstrous piece of one’s presence?

Fall term is already a nightmare

Fall term is already a nightmare Loved Rhetoric with Strang. I can say that now because I got my name picked out of a hat to stay in his class. If Id known it would come to this Id have definitely had a freak-out or two before going to my only HASS-D and writing course, required for both graduation and my writing concentration, sitting through an hour and a half of lecture without being registered for the course getting really excited to be there only to find out that about 30% of us were going to be kicked out of the class by the end. This, I never picked up on, because throughout the last 1/3 of the class I was busy composing an email to the head instructor of Junior Lab this term. OMG why? What do I still have to do with that class? I actually had plans to be a TA this term. But due to the upheaval of my schedule and the deluge of conflicts that has been the weather of late, Im unable to fit the last open section into my schedule. You know how sometimes 2 days can feel like 2 weeks? I felt that the first 2 days at Burning Man. We spent those days building an unreasonably complicated sleep structure in constant, intermittently blinding dust storms. Id look up and the desert landscape would be so familiar to me, even though on the first day I could swear we were on mars, and I just couldnt believe itd only been 48 hours since I was just sleeping in a bed and feeling clean after a shower. My skin was caked with dust and I dug out heaps of sand from my nostrils like Id just risen like Jesus up from the desert grounds. Well, thats not a feeling you often get. Yet only a week later here I am just in complete disbelief that its only been 3 days since I arrived back at MIT and started dealing with all the conveniences bought by inconveniences of the world Id left behind. Let me explain. Its hard to miss the week before classes. All the fun rush events and free food notwithstanding, this is when you get your shit together for the semester ahead. Having missed that opportunity Im still scrambling. Keys and bills and painting and wiring and unpacking still from moving so late in the game all the loose ends from the summer that I left dangling, now woven into a mesmerizing web just heavy with the promise of sleepless nights. Migraine days. 2 days filled with so many problems that it seems the only sure thing in my life is more problems. I attended 8.351, the Computational Classical Mechanics course, and it promised to be a great class. And since every great class must have some way of conflicting with my HASS classes (which are already in conflict with each other), its once a week lab is held at the same time as both those classes, down to the last second. It already conflicted with 8.07, another class I wanted to take, so I figure this meant that someone somewhere was trying to tell me not to go through with it, I just cant imagine a class laying such an egg in my schedule accidentally. So, I dropped it. I also dropped Nonlinear Dynamics, due to its almost insulting lack of rigor. I had high hopes for that class. Instead I picked up 8.07 and 8.09. 8.07 (EM II) because of GR next semester, 8.09 (Theoretical Mechanics) as the replacement for 8.351 and as a second technical subject. The 8.09 lecturer was surprisingly good. I picked up rhetoric by a rare stroke of luck, and I was finally starting to have a schedule. Then I found out that all 8.07 recitations (2-3, 3-4 Thursday) occur during 8.09 lecture (2:30-4). No problem, says the recitation instructor, Ill just add an earlier recitation, 1-2pm on Thursday. You see, its a kind gesture, but I have nothing on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays. My schedule is a barren wasteland. And I have nothing before 1pm on Thursday or after 4pm. But I have class between 1 and 4. Rhetoric, my HASS-D, which if you recall was a miracle for me to get into, followed by 8.09. A solid block of 3 hours into which all 3 8.07 recitations fit so snuggly that it would have made me laugh in astonishment if it did not make me cry. I was assigned to the Tuesday/Thursday 2-5 section of junior lab. I showed up at 4pm to apologize to the professor for my situation. I wrote to the 8.07 recitation instructor asking for another time, any other time. I dont know what Ill do about that class if this is how its going to be. Update! This is how its going to be. Prof Belchers schedule does not permit another section. I will be unable to attend any 8.07 recitations. Hes offered his office hours as a consolation, but I dont know how much I will get out of this class missing 1/4 of it every week. I may drop to Junior Senior P/D/F. I just did 4 loads of laundry. Filthy shoes and filthy bags and a full dust-covered 10-day wardrobe. Plus all the laundry I left in the hamper when I left for the west coast cause I was busy packing then, and I figured, well, Ill just do it when I get back, when I had time.

Arteriosclerosis Artery and Blood Sugar - Free Essay Example

Arteriosclerosis refers to several diseases in which the arterial wall thickens and loses its elasticity. Commonly confused with atherosclerosis, which is the formation of plaques consisting of cholesterol and other substances on the arterial walls, arteriosclerosis is the thickening and stiffening of the artery walls from too much pressure. Atherosclerosis can lead to arteriosclerosis, which comes from the Greek for â€Å"hardening of the arteries. † The most common sites for arteriosclerosis are arteries in the brain, kidneys, heart, abdominal aorta, or legs. Symptoms of arteriosclerosis vary according to which arteries are affected. Leg pain when exercising might indicate peripheral arterial disease. Sudden weakness or dizziness could be caused by an obstruction in the carotid artery in the neck, which produces stroke-like symptoms. Chest pain or symptoms of a heart attack might indicate obstruction of the coronary arteries. Arteriosclerosis can also cause erectile dysfu nction. Risk factors for arteriosclerosis include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure and/or cholesterol, stress, and diabetes. A virus or allergic reaction, chronic kidney disease, irritants such as nicotine and drugs, or too much of the amino acid homocystine can also lead to arteriosclerosis. A family history of early heart disease is also a risk factor for developing arteriosclerosis. If you experience any signs of restricted blood flow, you should see your doctor. Those with poor blood flow in one area of the body are likely to have arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis in another part of the body. During a physical exam, your doctor may find signs of either arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis by several methods, including listening to your arteries through a stethoscope. Decreased blood pressure in a limb or lack of a pulse in a narrowed artery could indicate arteriosclerosis. Other warning signs include a bulge in the abdomen or behind the knee. The physician might also notice poor wound healing in an area with restricted blood flow. Blood tests, imaging, ultrasounds, electrocardiograms (EKGs), and other tests help a physician diagnose arteriosclerosis. Treatment varies according to the symptoms and severity of the condition, but can include exercise, medication, or surgery. Some treatments include reducing dietary calcium and increasing magnesium intake. Cholesterol lowering drugs, aspirin therapy, anticoagulants, and vasodilators are used in some cases. Patients should also try to control stress, eat a healthy diet, get regular exercise, refrain from smoking, and maintain healthy levels of cholesterol, blood sugar, and blood pressure. At least four different surgical methods are available for treatment of arteriosclerosis. Another form of treatment is thrombolytic therapy, in which a doctor inserts a clot-dissolving drug into the artery to break up the clot.

Comparing and Contrasting Fruits and Junk Food Essay

Comparing and Contrasting Fruits and Junk Food To many people, especially children, the word snack implies thoughts of chocolate and sugar; however, in the early twentieth century, people relied on fruits to fulfill their desire for a between-meal snack. It was even a privilege to some children to receive an apple or a banana from their parents as an after-school snack. Unfortunately, children today prefer junk foods like candy bars. However, popular preference is not always the best way to go. Fruits, such as apples and grapes, are better snacks than candy bars because they are healthier, better tasting, and more satisfying. Fruits are much healthier than candy bars. First of all, fruits have fewer calories and less fat than any†¦show more content†¦Fruits also contain many of the essential vitamins and minerals that growing children need. Oranges provide an adequate days supply of vitamin C. In contrast, candy bars are far from being healthy. Besides being packed full of unneeded sugars and fats, candy bars have no significant nutritional value. One ounce of milk chocolate has one hundred and forty-five calories with a whopping nine fat grams! In addition to being healthy, fruits are also better tasting. Fruits provide a light and fresh taste. Whenever one imagines a shiny, red, delicious apple, one also usually imagines the fresh, juicy taste of that first crisp bite. However, candy bars have a thick and heavy taste. Because candy bars are so rich with sugar, many children experience an awful stomachache after eating large amounts of chocolate. This stomachache is best seen after Halloween, the holiday during which children go door-to-door asking for candy and then return home with bag after bag of sugar candies and chocolate bars. Moreover, fruits are more satisfying than candy bars. Fruits contain fructose, a monosaccharide that is easily broken down by the human bodys digestive system. Because of its easier digestive abilities, fructose is a much more efficient carbohydrate than sucrose, a disaccharide more commonly known as table sugar. Candy bars generally have extraneous amounts of table sugar, making them harder on the digestive system to break down into glucose. Because of this fact, one canShow MoreRelatedWhat Was the American Diet Like 50 Years Ago8269 Words   |  34 Pagesmeals that were usually prepared at home using natural ingredients to today’s prepackaged, processed and convenience foods that are often eaten on the run with little thought towards nutrition or content. b) American diets have evolved in the last 50 years from natural ingredients to processed, high fat ingredients and will continue in the future to include convenience foods but with a greater emphasis on healthier choices. i) This wasn’t always the case. â€Å"Fifty years ago, people sittingRead MoreCelta Key15571 Words   |  63 Pagespractise their reading skills. In order to do this it is important to engage and motivate the students in the subject area. As Riddell explains â€Å"†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Riddell, 2003:64). I would do this through the use of realia, e.g. fast food snacks and pictures to elicit which foods are healthy and unhealthy and ask the students what types of snacks they like to eat. Assignment checklist It is sometimes necessary to resubmit assignments, often because parts of the rubric have been omitted or the criteria haveRead Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words   |  291 Pagessmall company such as Reload from entering overseas markets where such rivals exist. By locating in a different continent, Reload will need to establish itself with new suppliers who are reliable in providing the firm with fresh ingredients for its food and beverages. 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The Impact Of Media On The Upbringing Of Society - 955 Words

Brief Introduction Media today play a major role in the upbringing of society. Whether it is via music, television shows, movies, or social sites, they all play a part in the manner in which we learn and deal with issues in society. In my paper, I will share my interpretation on the new television hit series, Empire. Empire is an FOX Production television series that first appeared on January 7, 2015. It centers on Lucious Lyon, who operates his own hip hop and entertainment company. Prior to establishing his company, Lucious and his ex-wife Cookie Lyon were drug dealers, until Cookie went to jail on drug charges. After being diagnosed with ALS, Lucious Lyon was determined to mentor one of his sons; Andre, Jamal, and Hakeem, with the intentions of having one of them continue the family’s legacy. However, Lucious showed more interest in his son Hakeem, who is a rapper, and thought that he would be the best person to operate the company. His son Andre also suffered from bipolar disorder and was not musically talented but had the most experience running the company. However, he was not considered a great candidate. Jamal was his least favorite son for running the business. This is because Jamal is gay and Luscious vows that a gay man will not run his company. Empire is associated with various social class themes that I can highlight in my paper, but the topic I am addressing is Sex Discrimination. Treating someone unfairly or less favorably because of theirShow MoreRelatedMy Culture Has An Impact On My Socialisation Essay1238 Words   |  5 PagesCulture has an impact on my Socialisation Introduction In order to know my ability in my culture, I need to understand what my cultural awareness is from a personal and professional perspective. 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As a result, outside influences have greater access and influence over our children than ever before. The internet and the media are bringing the outside world into your home; your childs peers; the influences on children from movies and the music they listen to are growing in importance and influence every day, the negative effects of televisionRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Young Children, Teenagers, And Adults1297 Words   |  6 Pages As far back as at least the 50s, there have been people outraged by violence in the media. Whether in video games, books, radio, music, or television, there is always someone or something to blame for the violence. Violence is everywhere in the media , there is no disagreeing with that. Whether it be movies, television, video games, or music, there will always be violence, but blaming it on movies, television, video games, or music is not the answer. 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For example, â€Å"As of today, there are a little over 322 million people that live in the United States, 64% of whom own a smartphone. This means that approximately 206 million people have access to social media, anywhere at any time. Furthermore,Read MoreEssay on Kailum GormanWeek1Assignment976 Words   |  4 Pagessimultaneously to shape that aspect of your family life. Race, class, and gender are all interactive systems because they are all strongly connected and relate to one another and determine how we view society and what our upbringing is like. For example, the financial state of your family can separate one’s upbringing from that of another. When I was young both my parents worked full time and while we didn’t have a lot of luxuries, we did have life essentials such as food and shelter. This would be opposite

The Working Memory Model Proposed by Alan Baddeley and...

That our memory isn’t veridical is not a novel idea. This means that we don’t perfectly remember everything that we have seen or experienced in the past. Broadly speaking, there are two fundamental memory errors that occur in everyday life. One is forgetting events that have occurred, and the other is remembering something that did not transpire (or misremembering them in the way that they occurred). The first error, forgetting, is very common, and needs no explanation. We can all think of instances where our memory has failed us. However, the latter error is a more curious scenario. Often times, when a friend mentions a funny episode that happened at a party you were at, you might incorporate that into your memory even though you†¦show more content†¦This is to say that the brain works on the information even after we store it in our memories. And therein lies the problem. The fact that our cognitive system processes raw data in order to make better sense of it is a probable cause of the aforementioned lapse in our memory. This experiment aims to study whether the information processing in our cognitive systems leads to the formation of false/illusory memories, and if so, what are the possible reasons as to why these false memories take shape. The experiment was in the form of a word recognition test. Participants went through a list of 12 words; the words were all thematically related (car, wheel, bike, motorcycle †¦), with the exception of one of two in the list (pencil). After they had gone through the list, they were presented with another set of words, and were asked to recognize which of those words had been present in the initial list. Each of these ‘recognition sets’ contained at least one word that belonged to the same overarching theme of the initial list, but wasn’t actually present in it (brakes). Thus, there were three types of words participants could have chosen on the ‘recognition setsâ₠¬â„¢: words that appeared on the list, words that did not appear, but were related to the ones on the list, and thoseShow MoreRelatedThe Original General Model Of Memory Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesThe original general model of memory was proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin in 1968. The Attkinson-Shiffrin theory of human memory states that human memory can be classified into three components: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory (Atkinson, Shiffrin, 1968). Sensory memory is where sensory information is brought into memory and maintained by the senses. For instance, when a person perceives an environmental stimulus for a short time before it fades, the objectRead Moreworking memory18399 Words   |  74 PagesCHAPTER Working Memory 6 Le arn i ng O b j ec t i ves 1. Using Working Memory 1.1. A Computer Metaphor 1.2. Implications of the Nature of Working Memory 2. From Primary Memory to Working Memory: A Brief History 2.1. William James: Primary Memory, Secondary Memory, and Consciousness 2.2. Early Studies: The Characteristics of Short-Term Memory 2.2.1. Brevity of Duration 2.2.2. Ready Accessibility 2.3. The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: The Relationship of Short-Term and LongTerm Memory 2.4. The Baddeley-Hitch

“Student Involvement in Quality Enhancement in Higher Education” Free Essays

Paper on the Topic Of â€Å"Student Involvement in Quality Enhancement in Higher Education† Prof. S. B. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Student Involvement in Quality Enhancement in Higher Education† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vanjari ABSTRACT This Paper has been conducted the study of student’s participation in improving and maintaining the quality of education in higher education. The paper shows that student’s participation in Quality enhancement plays very important role in enhancement in the standardization of the institution education at higher level. That role also important for planning, organization, communication, co-ordination and evaluation seemed to be an average level. Introduction and Background Higher education and training institutions and quality assurance agencies operating in India are required to establish quality assurance procedures for the purposes of further improving and maintaining the quality of education and training which is provided by higher education and training institutions. The involvement of students in the established quality assurance procedures is an essential element of such procedures. The requirement to involve students in quality assurance activities relating to programs and awards is further stated in the Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the indian Higher Education Area. Institutional and agency quality reviews which have taken place in higher education and training institutions over recent years have considered the issue of student involvement in quality assurance procedures. While such reviews have found that students are involved in most quality reviews undertaken in the Indian higher education system, the limited extent of student involvement at all stages of quality assurance procedures has been noted. A number of reports have recommended that Indian institutions need to ensure that students have the pportunity to provide regular feedback on all modules, programs and services, that student bodies and students in general become progressively more aware of quality review processes and that they are involved systematically in quality assurance and enhancement initiatives. Common Principles for Student Involvement in Quality Enhancement Internal quality assurance: Quality Assurance Policy ? The institution enshrines the value of student participatio n in quality assurance activities at module, program, unit, department, college, faculty and institution level. The policy, associated procedures and calendar for reviews have formal status and are publicly available, actively communicated and known within the institution. ? The institution designs its student representation system to provide opportunities for student engagement in decision-making and quality management arrangements. These opportunities are enshrined and clearly set out in a Enhancement Handbook, Student Handbook or equivalent document and are actively communicated. As part of the institution’s development and implementation of a strategy for the continuous enhancement of quality, a policy and associated procedures for the assurance of the quality and standards of their program and awards have been established, setting out a role for students as partners in quality assurance. ? Common Principles for Student Involvement in Quality Assurance/Quality Enhancement Quality Assurance Procedures ? Students are represented at all fora that contribute to quality processes at the institution. ? In addition to formal feedback, informal feedback should also be sought and captured (e. g. eedback from individuals, focus groups etc. ) ? Students participate in internal quality reviews at module, program, unit, department, college, faculty and institution level as appropriate. Student Feedback on Modules, Program and Services ? Coherent and systematic student feedback mechanisms are in place for all modules, program and services. ? Student feedback on modules, program and services is analysed and such feedback is an explicit input to the quality assurance process at the institution. ? Outcomes of student feedback are reported back to students along with an action plan to address any issues raised. External quality assurance: External Quality Reviews ? Students are invited to participate in external quality reviews to ensure that the review covers issues of primary concern to learners. ? The external panel of experts includes an individual who represents a learner perspective. Principles for the involvement of students in reviews of quality assurance agencies ? Students and/or student representative bodies are invited to participate in the key stages of reviews of quality assurance agencies. ? The external panel of experts includes persons with a learner perspective. Common Principles for Student Involvement in Quality Enhancement Selection, training and recognition of students involved in Internal, External and Agency Quality Reviews ? The institution and quality assurance agencies work in partnership with student representative bodies to: ? Set out criteria for selecting students to participate in quality reviews. The criteria are clearly articulated and made publicly available. ? Put in place a transparent and fair process for selecting students. ? Provide appropriate training and support for students selected to participate in reviews. ? Recognize participation of students in quality assurance activities. Conclusion: Student participation plays a very vital role in quality enhancement of higher education level. Proper planning should be design for the student participation in an all student concern activities in the institution. Then it will become strength of institution as well as higher education REFERENCES:- http://www. iheqn. ie/standards/default. asp Arunkumar, R. Sharma. (2001). Financial management . Atlantic publications. Best, J. W Khan, JV (1983)7th edition. Education Research an Introduction Newark, Longman N. C. T. E (1978) ‘Teacher education curriculum’ a frame work, New Delhi:NCERT. How to cite â€Å"Student Involvement in Quality Enhancement in Higher Education†, Essays

Toy Evaluation Paper free essay sample

This paper will summarize the ERR articles from the bulleted topics and issues. This paper will also include summaries on toys that may encourage violence and aggression, toys that may promote pro-social behavior, gender stereotyping in toy selection, and cultural stereotyping or, lack of cultural awareness in toys. Influenced Behaviors; Toys can influence a child’s behavior, and his or her identity. Children are given toys that demonstrate different significance about aggression, different genders and how to interact with each other. An example would be guns and swords; these are geared toward boys, and endorse fighting, and battling In retrospect, guns and swords can help children in developing healthy resolution to conflicts. Some toys geared toward boys promote behaviors that indicates that one is a breadwinner, protectors, and strong. An example would be the G. I. Joe and superhero toys, such as Superman, these toys support boys rescuing damsels in distress, and saving the day. We will write a custom essay sample on Toy Evaluation Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pro-social behavior is an added benefit that can be influenced by the toys that a child plays with. Toys such as building blocks or Legos encourage pro-social behavior in children by encouraging the children to work together and build things. Further, sharing blocks, and working together encourages the children, and builds his or her self –esteem. Research was done on aggressive behavior, identity, and gender influences on children versus the impact of a child’s environment and heredity on his or her behavior, identity, and gender influences. Both sides offer strong opinions. The important question is how much of the aggression or gender influence of a child is from the toys he or she chooses to play with? It seems relatively the same or less than the amount of aggression and gender influence the child’s environment and heredity play in the child’s reactions. Gender Stereotyping; Overall, young men are provided with a bigger toy variation than girls. Male children are often offered toys persuading them to explore, be inventive, or construct something (Miller, 1987). Further, certain toys seem to suggest that boys are valued higher in society than girls (Starr, 1999). The information appears to show that there may be more stereotyping with regard to toys offered to boys. It seems that most parents choose more masculine and gender-neutral toys for the boys such as, soldier action figures, wrestling kits, and karate fighters (Starr, 1999). These types of toys encourage competitive and aggressive behaviors, however; they are also more constructive, conductive to handling, and more reality based (Starr, 1999). For girls, dolls, dream houses, and kitchen centers promote the idea that girls are meant to become mothers and caregivers. This can have a positive or a negative influence on a girl because it can send the message insinuating that girls should be submissive caregivers, and boys should be on control and aggressive. Whereas most gender specific toys fit into the gender specific stereotypes, the nongender specific toys seemed to discourage stereotypes. An example would be Lego’s, this is a nongender specific toys that allows both sexes to use his or her imagination to the fullest. Culturally Influenced; In my observations of toys, including guns, dolls, superheroes, and Legos, none indicated any cultural or ethnic stereotyping. Cultural or ethnic stereotyping can influence a child’s identity. Conclusion; Most children receive toys throughout his or her childhood. Some of these toys can help a child learn and develop, while others can encourage a negative stereotypical influence. Parents need to encourage gender-neutral play at an early age to help abolish sexism and stereotyping.

Significant Impact on Later Adult Behaviour

Question: Is attachment crucial to the development of individual differences and has a significant impact on later adult behaviour? Answer: Discussing the research into attachment: As discussed by Winke (2007), attachment is very crucial for the development of individual child within the particular phase of life. Children need very good attachment to develop their early and future life. Relationship between child and parents should be very good. A good relationship between parents and children helps to develop the life of the children within the context of society. In this context, attachment theory is relevant and appropriate. Attachment theory is a psychological model that aims to attempt significant relationship between different individual human beings. A child from his/her birth has demanded for care and nourishment for the development of his/her physical and psychological aspect. However, Greenwald et al. (1998) stated that, there are different researches in relation to the attachment. John Bowlby has developed theory of attachment. Theory of attachment has been developed by understanding the level of distress that has been experienced by few children who stay separately from their parents. Bowlby has experienced that few differences among these separated children are mainly involved in emotional pain. Therefore, Stanovich (1986) stated that, emotional pain is very common phenomenon for the mammalian species. Attachment theory has discussed the important aspect of childs developmental context that an infant always needs a good relationship with somebody who gives care for the development as well as success of the emotional and social development of the child. An infant needs sensitive caregiver who will manage the emotional aspect of the child. Traits, relationship and behavioral system are the most important aspects of infant-adult attachment of the children . In this context, attachment behavior system is very important as well as essential concept. Attachment behavior system seeks to link between some ethological models of human development and modern types of theories upon personality and regulation of emotion. According to Bowlby, young children have often experienced a deep anguish and depression because of separation or loss of their parents. These separated children have often experienced unnatural behavior. They often have experienced anxiety, lack of confidence etc. An infant needs care in every aspects of their life. A good relationship among the parents can be considered as the central element of the development of the children. Parents should participate within the needs and demands of child within every aspects of the life (Luck and Vogel, 2013) Discussing possible effects of early relationship upon the behavior of future level: As discussed by, McRae et al. (2012), early experiences often have influenced later development of a child. Early experiences of infant often have affected upon the cognition, social skills, personality, emotional responses and other developmental contexts of a child. Early experiences of a child often guarantee different long-term developmental outcomes of a child. On the other hand, early experiences also help to provide guarantee to protect against succeeding trauma. As stated by Ciechanowski et al. (2014), researches of 30 years have discussed that birth infants can be more competent as well as responsive to the environment of their development. Therefore, effective relationship between mother and child is very important for the development of an infant within the social and psychological context. The relationship between an infant and his/her parents also affects upon the future level of development of the child. Essential need of an infant is one good caregiver who will provide care to every aspects of his/her lives. The attachment between the child and parents should be well established for the sake of future developments of the child. Attachment theories have always focused upon the contributions and notions of early experiences of the child. According to John Bowlby, working model have discussed that experience of primary caregiver leads to the beliefs and expectations about him/her self and the society. Early experiences are very essential to influence over the future developments of the child. On the other hand, Holmes (2014) discussed that, early bonds between child and parents and other caregivers influence upon the behavioral context of the child. There are some different behaviors of child, like aggression, negative behavior, immature behavior, non-compliance. As the case study has discussed, children do not have proper assurance and caregiver for their different aspects of life. Their stepmother abused them and the children did not have proper guidance from their father. These children did not get proper nourishment and necessary care. They had suffered from malnutrition, rickets. Therefore, these children could not walk properly. Their living practice was very much unusual. The speech of those children was underdeveloped and poor. As these children did not proper physical care from their parents, therefore they have not learned any usual behavior. They were built up through unnatural process. Therefore, the case study has shown that later these children have been cared properly. After getting proper care, the children have been developed. They have started to behave like normal children. They also have prospered normal as well as productive lives (Dykas and Cassidy, 2011). However, it can be assumed that early experiences have affected certain stages of their life. After getting god care, these children have properly behaved like normal human being. These children need care for the development of their life. Therefore, after getting the necessary care early experiences have not affected the later life of these children. Explaining the developments of individual differences: As discussed by, Wu et al. (2014), every individual person differs from each other by different features, characteristics. It is obvious that an individual should be different from each other by their physical as well as psychological differences. There are study of individual differences is related with the study of variance. In order to study the differences among individual study of personal psychology is essential and often required. However, individuals are often distinguished by distinct nature of their differences. Those differences include sex, social identity, culture, age and ethnicity. On the other hand, George and West (2012) argued that, researches in the field of individual differences are based on three distinct questions; those are involved in the development of adequate descriptive taxonomy of the differences of individual, application of differences in one situation in order to know the differences in another situation, explanation of different theoretical approaches within the perspective of individual differences. Within the taxonomies of individual differences, test theory is relevant and essential to know the differences of individual. There can be differences of English vocabulary or other languages among the people. Classical Test theory often has developed measurement pattern of individual differences by measuring performance of the people on small sample of papers. On the other hand, Richards et al. (2011) stated that, Individual ability and personality can also be considered as the parameter of differences within the group of individual. Personality refers to the individual as well as personal ability of the individual. Personality of an individual is often involved within the overall performance of the individual. However, taxonomic and predictive studies discuss individual differences with the relational aspect of feelings, behavior as well as thoughts and the outcomes. As discussed by Zeanah et al. (2011), study of individual differences is very much different from the study of experimental psychology. Area of study with individual differences is involved in describing stable differences among every individual. There are individual differences within the field of education. Every individual performs differently within the educational sector. The differences among education are closely related with the differences of intelligence among the individual persons. Therefore, environmental context and societal aspect of ones development often affect upon the development of intelligence of a person. Evaluating evidence for different natures of individual: As discussed by Lamb et al. (2013), differences among people can be considered as very common observational process. Individual differences happen as because of there are difference among the environment and genetic factors of individual people. Individual differences often occur due to interaction of environment and genetic factors. Individual people often gather some characteristics from the gens of their parents. A child gathers some similar features from the genetic codes of his/her parents. Therefore, the child resembles his/her parents. On the other hand, other characteristics often have grown with different contributions of social as well as environmental context. Environmental and social context are very responsible for the development of individual within the society. On the other hand, Luck and Vogel (2013) discussed that, differences between society and environment often affect upon the development of identity among the individual. A child often has resembled with the physical aspects of childs parents. A child shares physical similarities with their parents but the child has not shared not all the similarities. A child consumes emotional as well as cognitive and other characteristics from his/her parents. Children also develop intellectual properties from their parents. They also gather creativity and other aspects from their parents. A child also develops distinct characteristics by the support of societal and environmental context that can be inhabited by the child. Therefore, environment or society and different micro aspects often help in order to achieve the particular development of an individual. Reference lists Ciechanowski, P. S., Katon, W. J., Russo, J. E., and Walker, E. A. (2014). The patient-provider relationship: attachment theory and adherence to treatment in diabetes. Dykas, M. J., and Cassidy, J. (2011). Attachment and the processing of social information across the life span: theory and evidence.Psychological bulletin,137(1), 19. George, C., and West, M. L. (2012).The Adult Attachment Projective Picture System: attachment theory and assessment in adults. Guilford Press Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., and Schwartz, J. L. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test.Journal of personality and social psychology,74(6), 1464 Holmes, J. (2014).The search for the secure base: Attachment theory and psychotherapy. Routledge Lamb, M. E., Thompson, R. A., Gardner, W., and Charnov, E. L. (Eds.). (2013).Infant-mother attachment: The origins and developmental significance of individual differences in Strange Situation behavior. Routledge. Luck, S. J., and Vogel, E. K. (2013). Visual working memory capacity: from psychophysics and neurobiology to individual differences.Trends in cognitive sciences,17(8), 391-400 McRae, K., Jacobs, S. E., Ray, R. D., John, O. P., and Gross, J. J. (2012). Individual differences in reappraisal ability: Links to reappraisal frequency, well-being, and cognitive control.Journal of Research in Personality,46(1), 2-7 Richards, D. A., and Schat, A. C. (2011). Attachment at (not to) work: applying attachment theory to explain individual behavior in organizations.Journal of Applied Psychology,96(1), 169 Stanovich, K. E. (1986). Matthew effects in reading: Some consequences of individual differences in the acquisition of literacy.Reading research quarterly, 360-407 Winke, P. M. (2007). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition.Studies in Second Language Acquisition,29(01), 143-144 Wu, C. H., and Parker, S. K. (2014). The Role of Leader Support in Facilitating Proactive Work Behavior A Perspective From Attachment Theory.Journal of Management, 0149206314544745 Zeanah, C. H., Berlin, L. J., and Boris, N. W. (2011). Practitioner Review: Clinical applications of attachment theory and research for infants and young children.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,52(8), 819-833

Essay Criteria For Qualification and Motivation to Apply For a Univers and University

Essay Criteria For Qualification and Motivation to Apply For a Univers and UniversityIt is possible to choose the words and format of your essay for the test and selection process for any university or college, in any college or university, but you have to make sure that you get the basic elements of the criteria down. Your essay should contain the basic steps of the criterion to help your chances of making it through the examination. If you are not able to put all of the elements of the selection process into a separate essay, then you will find that it will be difficult to finish the test and your words will not hold any weight.Each criterion has some instructions that will help you make sure that your essay is acceptable to the applicant assessor. Before you choose the words and format for your essay, take the time to review all of the criteria. Then decide which criterion will apply to your case and which one you will apply to the student who applied for you.Each criterion will h ave instructions for you on how to structure your essay. It will also give you guidance on the order in which to prepare the essay. If you are able to get all of the steps of the selection process into a separate essay, you will have the ability to be able to structure the writing in a manner that will not be embarrassing to the student who is applying. Also, you will have the power to be able to write using more than one paragraph format in an essay.An important part of the criterion is to include the language guidelines in the writer's manual that you will use. If you are unfamiliar with the rules of grammar, you will need to take the time to read up on how to use proper grammar and proper sentence structure in your essay. The language guidelines and rules will not only help you to properly write a paper, but it will also help to ensure that you will be able to become a great writer.The words that you choose for your criterion will be a critical part of the criterion. The words yo u choose for your essay will be the ones that will help you understand how you can choose the best words for your essay. The words that you choose will be the words that will make a difference in your test performance. If you choose words that are not used commonly, then you will probably find that it will not affect your test performance.If you are applying to a prospective university or college, you will probably find that it is better to choose words that can be easily written for your essay. If you choose words that are a little harder to write, then it will help to make sure that you do not get an essay that is difficult to read. There are some common mistakes that you can avoid if you are writing an essay for the selection process. First, you can choose a common word such as 'A'ME' to indicate your understanding of the basics of the first criterion.The word 'ME' can be used to express understanding of the first criterion. Second, if you cannot figure out the first criterion, t hen you should choose the words that are the easy to write for the essay.

Science and Society essays

Science and Society essays Society's image of science and scientists as well as the public's misunderstanding and often fascination with science clearly demonstrate the influence science and society have on each other. Certain stereotypical images created by the media and instilled in the public's minds have surrounded scientists for years. These images influence the way people think about science as well as the way scientists think about themselves and others. Science has also separated itself from the general population when it comes to knowledge. The common individual knows very little about science as compared to scientists. This has a tremendous impact on the way the public views and respects science. This "gap" in understanding also influences the way scientists work and act. The film, The Man in the White Suit, directed by Alexander Mackendrick, and the book Making Science out Own: Public Images of Science 1910-1955, by Marcel LaFollette, both demonstrate the relationship between science and socie ty. In Making Science out Own: Public Images of Science 1910-1955, Marcel LaFollette addresses the image of the scientist. One characteristic in particular was the typical persistency of scientists. LaFollette describe the ideal scientist as "Mr. Persistence...a marvel of concentration, energy and endurance" (LaFollette 4). LaFollette goes on to describe scientists who would give up sleeping and eating in an effort to maximize their time in the laboratory. Scientists are "in constant conflict with the slow tempo of the world" (LaFollette 4). Sidney Stratton in The Man in the White Suit fits this description of a persistent scientist. He was dismissed form several jobs, but he did not halt his efforts to make a new and amazing fabric. At every job he had, Sidney found a way to continue his experiment. He did not let anything get in his way. Sidney "stole" money and supplies from companies that he worked for and would work for hours and hours. ...

A Guide For Students Writing A Great Discursive Essay

A Guide For Students Writing A Great Discursive Essay Discursive Essay: Topic and Structure Many people have at least one impartial friend. A disinterested friend is one who is exceptionally mature, never takes sides, and fair in all situations. That friend is similar to a discursive essay that we will elaborate in this article. Discursive essays are well known for being impartial; they take distance from complex issues. These essays would consider all possible outcomes from any given situation and makes conclusions based on the analysis. Discursive essays are more or less the same as that impartial friend you have who is willing to listen to your situation but avoids being emotionally attached in the issue under consideration. On the other hand, there is that friend we have who cant avoid taking sides on issues and will quickly get emotionally attached to a problem. This particular folk react readily and would always find a side to support. They would argue in support of this given side they have chosen until the end. This individual is very different from the discursive essay but conforms to the values of an argumentative essay. At times, they can relate to a persuasive essay. After reading this article, you will understand the best way of drafting a flawless discursive essay. It will be easier for you handling assignment on the discursive essay and will help you get a passing grade or even more. What is a Discursive Essay? A discursive essay is a kind of essay that would seek to explain all possible views and positions in a given topic, subject, or issue at hand. The main issue why students are given discursive essays is to determine whether a student can remain neutral on a given issue and overlook on the most charged opinions (How to Write an Amazing Discursive Essay (2019 Guide), 2019). You need to demonstrate to your teacher that even though you have your stand on some issues, you are capable of putting them aside and look at things logically. The most unusual types of discursive essays take silent steps and examine every shade of an issue. Example of an impartial friend still applies. You may decide to go to your best friend and inform him/her how your roommate failed you for lunch despite confirming to come. No matter how you present your statement, that impartial friend will still remain impartial and would replay and say: Well, in one perspective, that sounds rude and was not the best thing to do more so after confirming attendance lunch. In this modern time, there is no point why one would fail to give notification of not attending to your invitation. Communication is straightforward and just sending a text message was enough to settle everything. However, looking at the issue from another angle, you might find out that your friend got a demanding task that left her little time to even communicate to you. I have heard her complain severally that her cellular device is poor while in office. Besides, her parents are such strict, so she seems, to have weird issues when it comes to disappointing people. Like an impartial friend, discursive essays do not jump into conclusions even when an issue seems to be in black and white. Even when something appears to be simple, it is never that simple. Just a fraction of items in the whole world is simple. Thus, discursive essay gives students an excellent opportunity to critically look at issues and identify any connection existing in them. Structure of a Discursive Essay Nothing is unique when it comes to formatting. A discursive essay has similar structure like other essays you know. In your introduction, you need to start with a hook that connects to the rest of the essay and motivates the reader to continue reading. Other sentences would then discuss the background of the issue and how it connects to the current world. A discursive essay is one of the most challenging writing tasks as you need to develop a thesis statement that does not side with any part. I am sure you are used to writing those thesis statements that are definitive and would easily guide readers towards the direction the paper takes. The thesis statement for your discursive essay should maintain your two sides throughout your piece. For instance, you can decide to give a thesis like this: Although many people believe that death penalty should be eliminated as it is morally wrong, there are those who think that it should be administered as failure to administer it would deny victims justice. The above thesis statement has taken into consideration two possible perceptions that would be discussed. Every paragraph should not mix the two discussions but rather dwell on one. For example, if you are discussing on the immorality of death penalty, you need to equally have other two paragraphs that discuss on the pros of the death penalty. Also if you decide to write one paragraph for the death penalty, you will also have to write another one article to counter your claim. This should be effectively achieved regardless of your actual beliefs of the claim. Each side should be treated equally and should be similar in size and even word count. Concluding a discursive essay is different from the past conclusions students are conversant with while writing their assignments. But with this essay, you will start your conclusion by assessing all your evidence. While doing this remember not to define your stand but make more sense in your writing. Again, we make our references to an impartial friend who never takes sides no matter what. An impartial friend will never take a side but will weigh on issues and provide a response based on reality. In the above case of missed lunch, a disinterested friend will claim that it was not right for someone to lose lunch when plans had been made early. Though the friend might not be in a position to call or text, she could have sent you an email. All in all, we are human beings and one need to consider many options. The dream job your friend tried hard to get turned distracted her from her social life. She can work for almost 12 hours a day. In this statement, the conclusion will give more clarification but does not take sides with the issue. Also, in other essays, you will have to talk about your main points discussed in your body but using a new version of the language to avoid sounding repetitive. Some instructors will advise their students to give their viewpoint at the end of a discursive essay. This is not a true discursive essay but rather a semi-discursive essay. A purely discursive essay will not take sides even in conclusion. The ability of the composition to remain neutral throughout makes it strong compared with other essays that would change its focus at any point. A Template For Discursive Essays A hook sentence (quote or statistics) aimed at capturing the attention of your readers while showing them the purpose of your essay Background sentence Background sentence that is linking two discursive sides of your essay Transitional sentence Thesis statement: looking at truthfulness of the two sides Topic sentence that supports a give side of your topic Discussion on the relevance of your claim Supporting information on the details provided Detailed explanation on why you view is valid Topic sentence to support supporting the other view that opposes the thesis statement Important descriptions Further description or supportive information Discussing relevance of your opinion A nuanced discussion on the two opposing sides, stating validity of the two viewpoints without taking any concrete stand Revisit the first major point Revisit the second major point Revisit the third major point Revisit the fourth major point Connect the two perspectives of your thesis statement to a wide issue in existing either in the world or humanity. Steps of Writing Discursive Essays You need to choose a popular topic so you will have more content to write on. On your rough book, note down all basic points that will support one side of your thesis. Repeat the same for the remaining part of your thesis. Look for available quotes or statistics that are in line with your topic. Identify the one you like most and make it a hook for your readers. In this step, use two or three sentences to discuss the background of your issue. Design a thesis statement that summarizes the two sides of your topic. Use the first paragraph of your body to discuss on one perspective of this topic as well as the main points supporting it. Go deep and make your readers understand that you know the aspect inside out. (If you teacher wants a more extended essay, make sure to add paragraph). Repeat this in the following paragraph. Write an exciting opening sentence to conclude your work that revisits all that has been discussed in your essay. Do this is a way that will clarify your essay your points. Summarize your main points and give if possible your preference but do not be so open to it. Connect your points to the rest of your paper on the particular issue in the society, larger picture, or human existence. Topics on Discursive Essay Are two-parent homes more superior compared to single-parent homes? Do you believe that middle children in the family are under-achievers? Do you believe that exposing young children to violent media prepare them to the future realities in life or it will make them more violent like what they see? Do children growing with pets behave in a more adjusted life in their adulthood? Should religious institutions be taxed? Do social media have a role to play in controlling online bullying and troll irrespective of the first amendment bill? Do you believe that people who walk to work or ride on their bicycle should have reduced tax? The best teacher is a failure. Largest governments on the planet always try to stifle the economy of the country it controls. Children who are grown in the suburbs might not reach their full potential as these areas lack enough experiences children need. Example of a Discursive Essay Success is a lousy teacher. It seduces smart people into thinking they cant lose. This is a basic statement that was spoken by the richest man on earth, Bill Gates. If you sample some wealthiest people on earth, they seem to have one common understanding about success. They think that success is fickle in giving useful lessons that should be used while giving instructions. Any critical person will agree that failure has its own lessons to teach people. Even if it offers instructions, is it a better teacher than success? Both success and failure have lessons to teach us in life. But the main question remains if one is best compared to the other in a personal level development. In this essay, we will examine each experience in a more detailed way giving values of both failure and success in forcing one to develop. Failure gives us instant lessons with the majority of them being the regular lessons. Failure will show brilliant individuals that they are can also fail. Not all projects they venture it will eventually be successful, or like by the public. Failure is a mirror in peoples lives, and it helps them to re-examine themselves on the mistakes they might have done in the past. One will think of where something was overestimated/underestimated or even miscalculated. Failure will teach you and endure all levels of success like introspection that we tend to avoid. If allowed, the collapse will usher in a series of mistakes. All these mistakes should be fixed first before proceeding with the journey. Thus, failure is experiential learning that gives us an accurate picture of what we expect to get if we behave in a specific manner. The moment a person decides to embrace failure; he/she will endure all moments of break-down encountered on the way. This is experimentation that paves in great innov ation and discoveries that has changed the planet. Additionally, it makes one venture in the possible growth of emotional intelligence. This is because failure is accompanied by a sense of embarrassment.   Failure leaves you with nothing but to pick yourself up and try again. This will help but rather force one to forge ahead concerning grit, character, and resilience. On the other side, we have neglected the power success has to teach on the right paths of life. As one renewed entrepreneur said, you can own success but rather rent it, but even after renting it you have to understand that its rent is due every day. That is why we find successful people competing with each other daily. They have noticed that their success is not everlasting and they need to work hard in order to maintain their success. Success has forced them into a competition on a rigorous playing ground bringing them to this challenging battle. If they have to succeed in their ventures, then they need to be phenomenal. All successful individuals learn in a rather quick manner, and they leave their practices that do not make them succeed quickly to focus forward. In conclusion, both failure and success give specific opportunities and lessons for our growth. Identifying which one is best to use is very hard and might take quite a long some time. On the one hand, failure comforts one to confront failure with more energy and approach every situation experimentally. On the side of success, it offers individuals constant power to work smarter to maintain their excellence. In the process, they connect with other successful people whom they share ideas with. Both experiences drawn from the two offers an individual opportunity to grow. Failure should be treated as a circumstance that is unavoidable if one has to succeed in life. A discursive essay provides one with an opportunity to step into another persons impartial friend. When in this position, you get a chance to examine all places that may be surrounding a given situation or idea. Many people will not do these easily. Also, discursive essays give one the freedom not to argue or convince readers on a particular idea. Instead, your work is to shed light on some ideas that are not well understood by the public. If you need professional feedback regarding your essay or you need help with writing, we are here for you. Feel free to contact us at any time. Whether you need feedback or assistance with your essay, remember you are the reason why we are here. Our professional writers will help you any time you need to write a flawless article that will impress your instructor.

Low-Carbohydrate Diets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Low-Carbohydrate Diets - Essay Example o consult a doctor first before considering a low-carb diet because, although there are testimonials of being effective in weight loss, as reported, low carb diets posed negative side effects such as ketosis, a metabolic disorder that may cause the body to higher secretion of sodium and water loss due to increase level of ketones caused by deficiency of carbohydrate in the body. At this stage, a dieter may feel sluggish and tired and may experience low levels of energy, due to deficient level of carbohydrate, since carbohydrate is the major source of energy in the human body (paras.4,5). Furthermore, with low-level of carbohydrate in human body, protein will be burned to produce energy as a replacement for the function of carbohydrates. That’s why some low-carb diets menu include high-protein diets. Yet, the main function of protein in human body is for growth and repair, such as making new cells and repairing damaged cells. So, burning protein for energy source will set aside the other function of protein in human body, therefore losing its main function. An article in the internet source reminds us that using carbohydrate to provide energy for the body allows protein to be saved for its main function. It asserted that the protein sparing effect of carbohydrates â€Å"conserves protein for muscle tissues† (DeVault, 2011). If the protein will perform the supposedly function of carbohydrate of supplying energy to the body, it seems that high-protein diet as supplement for low-carb diet is suitable. . But that is not sensible because according to some research, abundance of protein in human body system may lead to several health problems such as heart disease and cancer. So, excess proteins must undergo deamination, primarily by the liver, a body process that will removed amino groups form the excess proteins and converting it into usable resources such as hydrogen and carbon. This process may tend to occur during physical bodily exercise (Sumayao, 2011,

5th street Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

5th street - Essay Example Yet to ensure that these cyclist do not get into accidents especially where the street has intersections, the bike lane has ramps. It serves like the bumps that help to inform the bikers of the intersection and thereby alerting them to reduce their speed. The making of the road and the signposts also help to inform all the road users of the need to keep watch of each other. There are areas, islands that are raised to help prevent accidents from other motorists coming from other lanes, fig a3. This way, it offers simple ways to avoid such clashes. There are signposts along major intersections where more than two lanes intersect. They provide adequate information to both the bikers and the motorists. The sign like the one shown in FIG is a stop sign with details 4-way intersection on the left of the signpost. Along the fifth street, there are special places that are set apart for the elderly and even the parents. Streets have bulb outs, as shown in fig b1 are both effective and efficient for the elderly and for parents with children. The reason is that hey shorten the distance that is taken crossing roads or intersection. Like the one shown in fig b2, it is thereafter followed by a raised seating area for these group of individuals. The reason for such consideration is that this group of individuals are much slower and may require to make several stop overs before getting to their destination. It provides them with sessions of taking breaks and a good place to also read their mail online if they so choose. For children in particular, there are so many considerations that have been put in place to ensure that they are safe. Some of the measures include warning the road users of the speed limit they are to observe. This is the case in fig c1. At such a limit, braking is easier to avoid accidents. Other measures are having sign posts that give warning to road users about the presence of children, especially school children crossing the road. The signs are

Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority Tourism Essay

Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority Tourism Essay The study focuses on the role of promotion in tourism, the case study of Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority in the northern tourist circuit of Tanzania. Despite of the wealth Ngorongoro Conservation Area has in terms of diverse natural resources, topographical, social-cultural attractions and other potentials, it receives relative less number of tourists. Tourists wealth of Ngorongoro Conservation Area remains insufficiently tapped because of among other reasons is due to inadequate effective and efficiency tourism promotional strategies and limited budget for promotion. The study has four objectives which were to identify and assess the use of different promotion strategies used by Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority to increase its market share, to access issues and challenges of applying different promotion strategies used by Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority and to recommend ways in which promotion strategies can be improved. The study applied triangulation approach whereby a number of methods were used in data collection including literature search, interview, observation, focused group discussion and questionnaires while descriptive statistics were used in data analysis. Data were presented in tables,, graphs and figures. The results showed that NCA is still receiving a lesser amount of tourists compared to its compared to its competitors. NCAA has not put enough efforts in advertising NCA worldwide and the kind of promotion strategies used are not adequate and not abiding to the everyday changing technology. The study recommended that Tourism promotion requires a well comprehensive marketing strategy to be developed and implemented by both the government and private agents. This should be supported by regular coordinated efforts to allow them to discuss about tourism promotion for Ngorongoro Conservation Area tourism destination. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information According to WTO (2005), tourism is the largest and fastest growing industry in the world. In developing countries mostly in Africa tourism is said to depend most on natural resources as key attractions (Bonavides, 2001). From 1990 to 1998 tourism visits to the developing countries grew twice as fast annually as worldwide tourism ( 9.5% per year compared to 4.6% per year) and in the year 2002, it had grown to more than 30% of total tourist visits (Ashley, 2002). By the year 1998 tourism was among the five leading export sectors in two thirds of the worlds 49 least developed countries to include Tanzania (Bonavides, 2001). According to the national economic survey, in 2009, a total of 647,193 tourists visited National Parks, whereby 533,655 tourists were foreigners and 113,538 were locals. Earnings from tourists who visited the National Parks were Tshs. 67.3 billion. In addition, a total of 438,179 tourists visited Ngorongoro Conservation Authority, of which 234,767 were foreigners an d 203,412 were locals. Earnings from tourists who visited Ngorongoro were Tshs. 34.7 billion. (http//:www.tanzania.go.tz/economicsurvey.html). According to the study done by Rusumo in the year 2005 tourism contributed 17% of the national Gross Domestic Product and 25% of the countrys foreign earnings. In 2009, receipts from wildlife sub-sector increased to Tshs 23,575.7 million from Tshs. 18,387.4 million in 2008, equivalent to an increase of 22 percent. This situation was a result of an increase in activities of tourism such as photographic sceneries, wild animal hunting and licensing of trophy business (ibid). However, tourism sector was expected to attract over one million tourists by the year 2010. Tanzania is one of the largest countries in Africa. The countrys tourism potential ranges from her wildlife resources, a spectacular landscape and scenery, water bodies and beaches, a diversity of cultures and numerous archaeological sites. Tourism has become a competitive business. For tourism sector, competitive advantage is no longer natural, but increasingly man-made driven by science, technology, information and innovation. As such, it is not simply the stock of natural resources of Tanzania that will determine her competitiveness in tourism, but rather, how these resources are managed and to what extent they are complemented with man-made innovations. Although the Tanzanian government has identified tourism as a potential sector for expansion, availing of the countrys natural amenities and wildlife resources and targeting the relatively high end of the market, it has not been able to realize its full potential in tourism. As such, the contribution of tourism to employment, small business development, income and foreign exchange earnings remains inadequate. According to Economic and Social Research Foundation report of 2009, tourism sector had an average growth rate of 10% per year. From 1990 to 1999 tourist arrivals and foreign exchange earnings from tourism increased by an average annual rate of 15.15% and 27.41% respectively but since 2000, tourists arrival and foreign exchange earnings have been stagnating at average annual growth rates of 1.49% (arrivals) and 0.09% (earnings). According to Lickorish and Jenkins (1997) promotion is a vital marketing tool in tourism sector due to the nature of the sector where by it is a demand and market led business, consumer is regarded as a king, it is embracing a wide range of components and services with a larger range of related services and tourist attractions. Promotion is the most visible of the four principles of marketing in tourism business, it is used to manage demand, make prospective customers aware of the products, whet their appetites, stimulate demands and provide information that help customers to make decisions. It generally provides incentives to purchase, increase sales volume and resulting to more profits by increasing the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Middleton, 1994). Promotion shall be viewed as one of the critical means to acquire, maintain and boost organizations market share in tourism sector worldwide and ensure its survival. In modern society promotion has become an important part of the social economic systems. It has evolved into vital communication systems that overwhelm and influence business. As a communication system promotion has developed further as a result of information technology that dominated business. In competitive business environments and free market based economies, promotion is one of the useful favored tools to win the market and hence success in business. In this modern world of high technology effective and viable promotion can be achieved through the use of different methods and tactics of promotion and the use of information technology. With advanced technology which the world is currently experiencing, effective and viable promotion can be achieved through the use of different method and tactics of promotion and use of information technology so as to attract distant tourists. The strength of the Tanzanian tourist product is dominated by the natural assets which mirror the clients motivations for visiting the country. The main strength includes; abundance, diversity, reliability and visibility of wildlife, unspoiled environment and beautiful scenery, safe destination as well as rich African culture and friendly people. All these make Tanzania one of the unique destinations in the African Continent that has yet to be discovered by many. One of the leading tourist destinations in Tanzania is Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) as shown in see table 1.1 NCA is endowed with diverse and plenty of tourist attractions including the Volcanic Craters such as Ngorongoro, Empakaani, Olmoti and Oldonyo Lengai Creaters (Ngorongor o being a wonder of the Natural World. There are also other attractions to mention few are Nasera Roxck, Shifting Sand and Olkarien Gorge as well as wildlife, vegetation and rich indigenous culture. Despite the above mentioned attractions NCA receives a relatively low volume of tourist and revenue one can argue that NCA has not put into effect enough efforts to promote its tourist attractions. Currently the major tourism promotion strategies used are Advertisement, Public Relations (publicity) and Brochures and other printed materials Table. 1.1 Tourists visited Ngorongoro Conservation Authority and Earnings for January December 2009 Month Foreigners Locals Total Revenue (Tshs) January 19,176 18,462 37,638 3,184,363,880.10 February 23,628 17,239 40,867 3,601,413,146.50 March 14,072 14,463 28,535 3,162,927,138.70 April 10,271 12,239 22,510 1,289,337,307.95 May 8,714 12,062 20,776 1,332,029,171.80 June 16,075 15,940 32,015 2,456,883,262.00 July 31,908 21,786 53,694 4,231,731,129.51 August 32,995 22,030 55,025 4,289,879,099.00 September 19,916 17,224 37,140 3,024,501,009.97 October 21,916 17,392 39,308 3,045,013,094.00 November 14,703 14,229 28,932 2,240,074,238.15 December 21,393 20,346 41,739 2,883,440,244.21 Total 234,767 203,412 438,179 34,741,592,721.89 Source: Ngorongoro Conservation Area, (2009) Previously tourism was not given due attention in the country. It is argued that the country has not exhaustively promoted her tourist products, the situation that has led Tanzania to receive less number of tourists compared to her competitors such as Kenya, South Africa and other Asian countries (Thomassen et al, 2005). In this respect, tourism wealth of the country is not totally tapped because of the inadequate tourism promotional efforts among other reasons. While that is the case, today the business environment has changed into free market based economy coupled with very stiff competition and high technology worldwide. This situation requires organizations in the business to undertake promotion of their products and/or services in order to acquire a substantial market share. 1.2 Problem Statement Being relatively labour intensive (providing jobs to over 300,000 people) implies that tourisms growth will benefit more people and in the long-run there will be substantial reduction in poverty countrywide. Tanzania has a comparative and competitive advantage in the sector due to the unspoiled natural endowments (in the form of unspoiled fauna and flora, beautiful natural sceneries and landscapes, coral reef and marine life, and a nearly pristine coastline) for attracting travelers, not forgetting a supportive government that recognizes private sector leadership in operating the tourist industry. Yet, the sector could expand more if it will be able to attract more tourists through the proper marketing mix (price, product, promotion and place) with an emphasis in Promotion since the other three Ps are well managed/ natural advantageous. With the expected rise of contribution of Tourism to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 9% (Tshs 2,399.3 billion) in 2009 to 9.2% (Tshs 6,052.7 billion) by 2019; Ministry of Natural Recourses and Tourism (MNRT) together with different Tourist organizations (Ngorongoro Area Conservation) needs to put and implement purposively efforts to see the target is achieved to be one hundred percent and over and above. Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) as one of the giant tourism organization in the country has embarked on promotion of her tourist product in order to create, maintain and boost its market share hence increasing income both at organization level and national level. However, despite the existing strategies NAC receives less number of tourists compared to its competitors such as Maasai Mara- Kenya, Kruger National Park and other protected areas in Africa. The strategically natural placement of NAC at the northern circuit can persuade the vast tourists who visit northern tourist circuit (Serengeti, Lake Manyara and Tarangire National Parks). It is suspected that the growth of tourism at NAC remains insufficiently tapped because of inadequate effective and efficient tourism promotional strategies. The study therefore aims at assessing the extent the tourism promotion strategies can contribute to the growth of the sector, using the case of Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Arusha region. Moreover most previously conducted researches such as those done by Gwamagobe in 2004 and Mbuya in 2000 suggested on undertaking more research focusing on the impact of promotion in the tourism sector but little has been done to date. The study is therefore aimed at assessing the contribution of tourism promotion strategies towards the improvement of tourism sector in the country with reference to NCA bearing in mind that tourism in the country is dominated by natural resources especially wildlife of which NCA is one of the top destinations. Hence the focus of the study is to find out the contribution of promotion in tourism industry. 1.3 Research Objectives 1. 3.1 General Objective The general objective of the study was to assess the contribution of tourism promotional strategies in improving the tourism sector in Tanzania 1.3.2 Specific objectives To identify different promotional strategies used by NCAA to increase the number of tourists, To assess the relationship between an increase in concentration of different promotion strategies used by NCAA to increase the number of tourists To identify the challenges faced by NCAA in applying the identified promotional strategies. To recommend ways in which tourism promotional strategies can be improved 1.4 Research Questions The study questions were based on the research specific objectives: What are the different promotional strategies used by NCAA to market its tourism products, What is the relationship between an increase in concentration of different promotion strategies and increase in number of tourists in the past five years? What are the challenges faced by NCAA in applying the identified promotional strategies. 1.5 Significance of the Study The end product of the study is expected to add value to the following: The study can be used by NCAA to realize the most suitable promotional strategy that can be used to improve its market share The findings from the study can be used by other agencies as well as the ministry to identify the gaps on the existing promotional practices for the purpose of attaining best value market share and to improve their competitive performance and strategic advantage The findings may also be used by the tourism partners in changing their perception on their promotion strategy management. This will also help to enrich the body of knowledge, and may be used as a reference by students / professionals /company executives in the field of tourism. Since the study is part of the researchers academic course, it will enable the researcher to qualify for the award of Master Degree in Business Administration. 1.6 Rationale of the Study Tanzania is among the countries with many tourist attractions and tourism is the major source of foreign exchange earnings. However, this is not the case; Tanzania is not getting as many tourists as expected. This could be attributed lack of adequate promotion for touristic activities. Subsequently this study aimed at assessing the promotional strategies that may enable NCAA as well as the country to attract more tourists so that we promote the tourism sector. 1.7 Scope of the Study The study was conducted in NCAA and covered all departments and sections which are directly or indirectly dealing with promotion. The research l however consulted other tourism stake holders organizations like TANAPA (Tanzania National Park), TTB (Tanzania Tourist Board) and TATO (Tanzania Association of Tours Operators). The study was conducted for a period of 8 weeks. Secondary data covered a period of five years that is from the year 2007 to 2011. 1.8 Limitations of the Study With Government organizations/ Authorities red tapped procedures was difficult to access some of the confidential information Financial constraint; financial resources available are not enough to explore all possible sources of information, hence the study was conducted only in one organization. However , the results can be generalized in other touristic destinations in Tanzania The time for the study was not enough to carry out intensive and extensive study.