Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority Tourism Essay

Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority Tourism Essay The study focuses on the role of promotion in tourism, the case study of Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority in the northern tourist circuit of Tanzania. Despite of the wealth Ngorongoro Conservation Area has in terms of diverse natural resources, topographical, social-cultural attractions and other potentials, it receives relative less number of tourists. Tourists wealth of Ngorongoro Conservation Area remains insufficiently tapped because of among other reasons is due to inadequate effective and efficiency tourism promotional strategies and limited budget for promotion. The study has four objectives which were to identify and assess the use of different promotion strategies used by Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority to increase its market share, to access issues and challenges of applying different promotion strategies used by Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority and to recommend ways in which promotion strategies can be improved. The study applied triangulation approach whereby a number of methods were used in data collection including literature search, interview, observation, focused group discussion and questionnaires while descriptive statistics were used in data analysis. Data were presented in tables,, graphs and figures. The results showed that NCA is still receiving a lesser amount of tourists compared to its compared to its competitors. NCAA has not put enough efforts in advertising NCA worldwide and the kind of promotion strategies used are not adequate and not abiding to the everyday changing technology. The study recommended that Tourism promotion requires a well comprehensive marketing strategy to be developed and implemented by both the government and private agents. This should be supported by regular coordinated efforts to allow them to discuss about tourism promotion for Ngorongoro Conservation Area tourism destination. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information According to WTO (2005), tourism is the largest and fastest growing industry in the world. In developing countries mostly in Africa tourism is said to depend most on natural resources as key attractions (Bonavides, 2001). From 1990 to 1998 tourism visits to the developing countries grew twice as fast annually as worldwide tourism ( 9.5% per year compared to 4.6% per year) and in the year 2002, it had grown to more than 30% of total tourist visits (Ashley, 2002). By the year 1998 tourism was among the five leading export sectors in two thirds of the worlds 49 least developed countries to include Tanzania (Bonavides, 2001). According to the national economic survey, in 2009, a total of 647,193 tourists visited National Parks, whereby 533,655 tourists were foreigners and 113,538 were locals. Earnings from tourists who visited the National Parks were Tshs. 67.3 billion. In addition, a total of 438,179 tourists visited Ngorongoro Conservation Authority, of which 234,767 were foreigners an d 203,412 were locals. Earnings from tourists who visited Ngorongoro were Tshs. 34.7 billion. (http//:www.tanzania.go.tz/economicsurvey.html). According to the study done by Rusumo in the year 2005 tourism contributed 17% of the national Gross Domestic Product and 25% of the countrys foreign earnings. In 2009, receipts from wildlife sub-sector increased to Tshs 23,575.7 million from Tshs. 18,387.4 million in 2008, equivalent to an increase of 22 percent. This situation was a result of an increase in activities of tourism such as photographic sceneries, wild animal hunting and licensing of trophy business (ibid). However, tourism sector was expected to attract over one million tourists by the year 2010. Tanzania is one of the largest countries in Africa. The countrys tourism potential ranges from her wildlife resources, a spectacular landscape and scenery, water bodies and beaches, a diversity of cultures and numerous archaeological sites. Tourism has become a competitive business. For tourism sector, competitive advantage is no longer natural, but increasingly man-made driven by science, technology, information and innovation. As such, it is not simply the stock of natural resources of Tanzania that will determine her competitiveness in tourism, but rather, how these resources are managed and to what extent they are complemented with man-made innovations. Although the Tanzanian government has identified tourism as a potential sector for expansion, availing of the countrys natural amenities and wildlife resources and targeting the relatively high end of the market, it has not been able to realize its full potential in tourism. As such, the contribution of tourism to employment, small business development, income and foreign exchange earnings remains inadequate. According to Economic and Social Research Foundation report of 2009, tourism sector had an average growth rate of 10% per year. From 1990 to 1999 tourist arrivals and foreign exchange earnings from tourism increased by an average annual rate of 15.15% and 27.41% respectively but since 2000, tourists arrival and foreign exchange earnings have been stagnating at average annual growth rates of 1.49% (arrivals) and 0.09% (earnings). According to Lickorish and Jenkins (1997) promotion is a vital marketing tool in tourism sector due to the nature of the sector where by it is a demand and market led business, consumer is regarded as a king, it is embracing a wide range of components and services with a larger range of related services and tourist attractions. Promotion is the most visible of the four principles of marketing in tourism business, it is used to manage demand, make prospective customers aware of the products, whet their appetites, stimulate demands and provide information that help customers to make decisions. It generally provides incentives to purchase, increase sales volume and resulting to more profits by increasing the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Middleton, 1994). Promotion shall be viewed as one of the critical means to acquire, maintain and boost organizations market share in tourism sector worldwide and ensure its survival. In modern society promotion has become an important part of the social economic systems. It has evolved into vital communication systems that overwhelm and influence business. As a communication system promotion has developed further as a result of information technology that dominated business. In competitive business environments and free market based economies, promotion is one of the useful favored tools to win the market and hence success in business. In this modern world of high technology effective and viable promotion can be achieved through the use of different methods and tactics of promotion and the use of information technology. With advanced technology which the world is currently experiencing, effective and viable promotion can be achieved through the use of different method and tactics of promotion and use of information technology so as to attract distant tourists. The strength of the Tanzanian tourist product is dominated by the natural assets which mirror the clients motivations for visiting the country. The main strength includes; abundance, diversity, reliability and visibility of wildlife, unspoiled environment and beautiful scenery, safe destination as well as rich African culture and friendly people. All these make Tanzania one of the unique destinations in the African Continent that has yet to be discovered by many. One of the leading tourist destinations in Tanzania is Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) as shown in see table 1.1 NCA is endowed with diverse and plenty of tourist attractions including the Volcanic Craters such as Ngorongoro, Empakaani, Olmoti and Oldonyo Lengai Creaters (Ngorongor o being a wonder of the Natural World. There are also other attractions to mention few are Nasera Roxck, Shifting Sand and Olkarien Gorge as well as wildlife, vegetation and rich indigenous culture. Despite the above mentioned attractions NCA receives a relatively low volume of tourist and revenue one can argue that NCA has not put into effect enough efforts to promote its tourist attractions. Currently the major tourism promotion strategies used are Advertisement, Public Relations (publicity) and Brochures and other printed materials Table. 1.1 Tourists visited Ngorongoro Conservation Authority and Earnings for January December 2009 Month Foreigners Locals Total Revenue (Tshs) January 19,176 18,462 37,638 3,184,363,880.10 February 23,628 17,239 40,867 3,601,413,146.50 March 14,072 14,463 28,535 3,162,927,138.70 April 10,271 12,239 22,510 1,289,337,307.95 May 8,714 12,062 20,776 1,332,029,171.80 June 16,075 15,940 32,015 2,456,883,262.00 July 31,908 21,786 53,694 4,231,731,129.51 August 32,995 22,030 55,025 4,289,879,099.00 September 19,916 17,224 37,140 3,024,501,009.97 October 21,916 17,392 39,308 3,045,013,094.00 November 14,703 14,229 28,932 2,240,074,238.15 December 21,393 20,346 41,739 2,883,440,244.21 Total 234,767 203,412 438,179 34,741,592,721.89 Source: Ngorongoro Conservation Area, (2009) Previously tourism was not given due attention in the country. It is argued that the country has not exhaustively promoted her tourist products, the situation that has led Tanzania to receive less number of tourists compared to her competitors such as Kenya, South Africa and other Asian countries (Thomassen et al, 2005). In this respect, tourism wealth of the country is not totally tapped because of the inadequate tourism promotional efforts among other reasons. While that is the case, today the business environment has changed into free market based economy coupled with very stiff competition and high technology worldwide. This situation requires organizations in the business to undertake promotion of their products and/or services in order to acquire a substantial market share. 1.2 Problem Statement Being relatively labour intensive (providing jobs to over 300,000 people) implies that tourisms growth will benefit more people and in the long-run there will be substantial reduction in poverty countrywide. Tanzania has a comparative and competitive advantage in the sector due to the unspoiled natural endowments (in the form of unspoiled fauna and flora, beautiful natural sceneries and landscapes, coral reef and marine life, and a nearly pristine coastline) for attracting travelers, not forgetting a supportive government that recognizes private sector leadership in operating the tourist industry. Yet, the sector could expand more if it will be able to attract more tourists through the proper marketing mix (price, product, promotion and place) with an emphasis in Promotion since the other three Ps are well managed/ natural advantageous. With the expected rise of contribution of Tourism to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 9% (Tshs 2,399.3 billion) in 2009 to 9.2% (Tshs 6,052.7 billion) by 2019; Ministry of Natural Recourses and Tourism (MNRT) together with different Tourist organizations (Ngorongoro Area Conservation) needs to put and implement purposively efforts to see the target is achieved to be one hundred percent and over and above. Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) as one of the giant tourism organization in the country has embarked on promotion of her tourist product in order to create, maintain and boost its market share hence increasing income both at organization level and national level. However, despite the existing strategies NAC receives less number of tourists compared to its competitors such as Maasai Mara- Kenya, Kruger National Park and other protected areas in Africa. The strategically natural placement of NAC at the northern circuit can persuade the vast tourists who visit northern tourist circuit (Serengeti, Lake Manyara and Tarangire National Parks). It is suspected that the growth of tourism at NAC remains insufficiently tapped because of inadequate effective and efficient tourism promotional strategies. The study therefore aims at assessing the extent the tourism promotion strategies can contribute to the growth of the sector, using the case of Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Arusha region. Moreover most previously conducted researches such as those done by Gwamagobe in 2004 and Mbuya in 2000 suggested on undertaking more research focusing on the impact of promotion in the tourism sector but little has been done to date. The study is therefore aimed at assessing the contribution of tourism promotion strategies towards the improvement of tourism sector in the country with reference to NCA bearing in mind that tourism in the country is dominated by natural resources especially wildlife of which NCA is one of the top destinations. Hence the focus of the study is to find out the contribution of promotion in tourism industry. 1.3 Research Objectives 1. 3.1 General Objective The general objective of the study was to assess the contribution of tourism promotional strategies in improving the tourism sector in Tanzania 1.3.2 Specific objectives To identify different promotional strategies used by NCAA to increase the number of tourists, To assess the relationship between an increase in concentration of different promotion strategies used by NCAA to increase the number of tourists To identify the challenges faced by NCAA in applying the identified promotional strategies. To recommend ways in which tourism promotional strategies can be improved 1.4 Research Questions The study questions were based on the research specific objectives: What are the different promotional strategies used by NCAA to market its tourism products, What is the relationship between an increase in concentration of different promotion strategies and increase in number of tourists in the past five years? What are the challenges faced by NCAA in applying the identified promotional strategies. 1.5 Significance of the Study The end product of the study is expected to add value to the following: The study can be used by NCAA to realize the most suitable promotional strategy that can be used to improve its market share The findings from the study can be used by other agencies as well as the ministry to identify the gaps on the existing promotional practices for the purpose of attaining best value market share and to improve their competitive performance and strategic advantage The findings may also be used by the tourism partners in changing their perception on their promotion strategy management. This will also help to enrich the body of knowledge, and may be used as a reference by students / professionals /company executives in the field of tourism. Since the study is part of the researchers academic course, it will enable the researcher to qualify for the award of Master Degree in Business Administration. 1.6 Rationale of the Study Tanzania is among the countries with many tourist attractions and tourism is the major source of foreign exchange earnings. However, this is not the case; Tanzania is not getting as many tourists as expected. This could be attributed lack of adequate promotion for touristic activities. Subsequently this study aimed at assessing the promotional strategies that may enable NCAA as well as the country to attract more tourists so that we promote the tourism sector. 1.7 Scope of the Study The study was conducted in NCAA and covered all departments and sections which are directly or indirectly dealing with promotion. The research l however consulted other tourism stake holders organizations like TANAPA (Tanzania National Park), TTB (Tanzania Tourist Board) and TATO (Tanzania Association of Tours Operators). The study was conducted for a period of 8 weeks. Secondary data covered a period of five years that is from the year 2007 to 2011. 1.8 Limitations of the Study With Government organizations/ Authorities red tapped procedures was difficult to access some of the confidential information Financial constraint; financial resources available are not enough to explore all possible sources of information, hence the study was conducted only in one organization. However , the results can be generalized in other touristic destinations in Tanzania The time for the study was not enough to carry out intensive and extensive study.

What I shall be in 30 years’ time

In my moments of solitude, I haven often mused about this. What will I be in 30 years? That seems a long way ahead but then time does pass by and in a blink of an eye, the years will roll past and I shall be 48. Have I earned a niche in my life? Am I successful in my career? Am I happy in my marriage? How many kids will I have? Sometimes, an image of a hen-pecked husband having to put up with a wife who nags constantly and spends extravagantly imposes itself in my mind or I would be successful in the corporate world? Well, if I really made it in my life, then that signals the star of a pleasurable life. The saying ‘Life begins at 40’ is true. I shall sit back and enjoy my life to the fullest. Perhaps I could own a profitable company and called it L. O. Sdn. Bhd. It coud be even listed on the KL Exchanges Main Board. I may even jet set round the world in my own private jet whether it is solely for business or pleasure e. g one evening in Paris and the next in London. If time permits, I shall go globe trotting, visit some of the Seven Wonders of the world like The Great Wall of China in Beijing, The Pyramid of Egypt, Taj Mahal in India, Eiffel Tower in Paris, Leaning Tower of Paris, Grand Canyon in Arizona and The Colosseum in Rome where I can re-live the days of the gladiators. On the other hand, I could just be an average income earner, married with a simple, humble and attractive woman and have 3 children. I shall enjoy the company of a closely-knit, harmonious family. Hopefully my children will be well-behaved, disciplined and intelligent. If that is the case, what more can I ask from God? Life would certainly be fulfilling and rewarding. I do not know exactly what my fate in world in life will be. Perhaps I might remain single, end up as a confirm bachelor. That is possible if I do not meet my watch, Miss Right. I do not think I will feel lonely or disappointed. I would rather remain single than marry and later find myself on the verge of a divorce. During my free time I shall be actively involved in charity of socials, volunteer myself in helping the needy, go for activities like fishing, jet skiing, parachuting or some other sports. I could even adopt orphans. As long as I am financially independent and contented with my life, I see no necessity in tying the knot and regretting later. All the images above are but a fragment of the imagination where hopes, dreams and reality are mixed. Hopes are the start of a bright and glorious future. Hence, I would cling to them. How can dreams and hopes come true for a person if he does not dream?

The Indisputable Truth About Ap Essay Writing Samples That Nobody Is Sharing With You

The Indisputable Truth About Ap Essay Writing Samples That Nobody Is Sharing With You What is Actually Happening with Ap Essay Writing Samples Possessing good essay examples provides the reader an in-depth and on-the-court idea about what a well structured and coherent essay appears like. An interesting rhetorical analysis example will allow you to begin with rhetorical essays. Instead, you wish to analyze the essay and ensure your claim is supported. If you're to really gain from model essays, you will need to understand how to read the techniques of the writer'. The essay provides you with a chance to reveal how effectively you may read and comprehend a passage and compose an essay analyzing the passage. Now that you're acquainted with writing a DBQ essay, it wouldn't be too challenging in your part to compose an excellent and robust essay to land yourself a very good grade. The other essays will help give you an awareness of what score your essay may have gotten that year and any areas you might have overlooked. Every argumentative essay ought to be based on a topic that may be debated. Concentrate on the text like you don't understand who wrote it. When you are requested to compose an essay, attempt to discover some samples (models) of similar writing and learn how to observe the craft of the writer. Essay writing examples in doc format like the ones given may help lead you in writing a superior composition. Share an essay on any subject of your pick. A History of Ap Essay Writing Samples Refuted You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the suitable style. Every individual has the right to comprehend how that food will influence their entire body. You're able to acquire fast food on just about any street nowadays. Fast food isn't bad so long as you eat it every once in a little while, but lots of people decide to eat fast food each moment. Definitions of Ap Essay Writing Samples Your content paragraphs should be put in a logical purchase. Our custom made paper writing service is genuinely among the best ever! It's possible for you to have a look at my tips on building specific rubric-based skills in my personal article about how to compose a DBQ. You can rest assured that anytime you need our writing service, we'll be available to assist you process them. Whatever They Told You About Ap Essay Writing Samples Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Tie every claim you make to a bit of evidence to make sure the very best essay possible. You need to decide what type of evidence you have to see in the documents or data you have, dependent on the prompt question. Get as more evidence as you are able to. The evidence is a significant portion of your essay. Don't be concerned about a few of them being rather abstract their primary purpose is to reveal to you the basic principles that you'll have the ability to transfer to your own writing. In addition to getting a strong thesis, it's a superb concept to have a guiding organizational principlea stated agenda for creating your point. An essay outline is a gro up of ideas and ideas related to the subject issue. A dissertation also gives a platform for those students to demonstrate their talent to recognize their region of interest and permit them to explore the field in detail. Even though there are just two short paragraphs, there's a great deal of room for confusion here. At exactly the same time, you're impress the college admissions folks greatly if it is possible to present your capacity to learn from your failures and mistakes. The absolute most important difficulty is one. Hence, anytime you have to deal with the write my essay problem, you can bet that our qualified personnel are going to be on standby to help you in any way they are able to. Be certain that you are showing the way the thesis was supported. An essay has to be composed of an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. In conclusion, it appears that assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. This kind of essay requires a good framework and superb support. College Board sample essay sets are an excellent means to test how well you comprehend the rubric. The sample prompts are discussions associated with the Progressive Era in the USA of America. AP Language and Composition course is a huge deal, and your principal goal is to clearly show your capacity to create decent analysis with an ideal structure and grammar indexes. The previous scores as awarded by the College Board will be useful in establishing a ballparkobviously a 9 is still likely to be a fantastic essay under the 7-point scalebut there could be some modest differences in grades between the 2 scales.

The Legalization Of Marijuana For Recreational Purposes

This is a paper pertaining to the legalization of marijuana for recreational purposes. This is a concept that states has been considering and debating in their jurisdictions. First, this paper will explain why supporters of the legislation I researched believe marijuana should be legalized. Secondly, this paper will analyze the public policy issues associated with the legalization of marijuana for the legislation I selected, paying particular attention to newness and implementation of the legislation as well as how the state intends to simultaneously adhere to federal laws banning marijuana. Next, this paper will evaluate the public policy implications on other laws within this jurisdiction, such as driving under the influence and public intoxication. Then, this paper will demonstrate an understanding of the conflict between state and federal laws addressing marijuana laws, and how they are managing marijuana laws. Finally, this paper will explain how it relates the feasibility of recommendations to implementation with the idea of legalizing marijuana, and how the recommendations will be evaluated for success or retooling. First, this paper will explain why supporters of the legislation I researched believe marijuana should be legalized. A majority of people have come to agree that marijuana should be legal. This stat has change from the stiff opposition of just a few years ago. A majority of the country now supports full legalization, and three quarters of theShow MoreRelatedWhy Not Legalize Marijuana? Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana should be legalized for both recreational and medicinal use because the US economy can reap significant benefits from legalization as well as create an influx of jobs and also to reduce street and gang disputes relating to marijuana. Also, marijuana should be legalized because it has been dealt an unfair hand by society and is justifiably safer than most know it to be. First, marijuana should be legalized in the US for both recreational and medicinal purposes because there is a very substantialRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?972 Words   |  4 PagesM arijuana Legalization For thousands of years, marijuana has been used for a myriad of purposes ranging from medical use to recreational use. Although small steps are being for marijuana legalization across the country, there is still a long way to go. Some folks argue that marijuana is a gateway drug and impairs judgement, causing people to act recklessly. However, extensive studies have been conducted on the effects, risks, and benefits of marijuana, and have proven marijuana to be safer thanRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects that the marijuana industry has had on the economies of the states which have legalized recreational marijuana use for consumers over the age of 21. Many predictions were made referring to the outcome of marijuana legalization, however, most predictions made did not foretell the actual outcome. The act of legalization in the state of Colorado has yielded many advantages in the field of marke ting. With these advantages, however, come many disadvantagesRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana or Cannabis is one of the bused drugs in America and the rest of the world. Interesting accumulating evidence show that the significant negative impact of this drug outweighs the positive effects. However, the medical benefits of the drug seem on the process of chemical compounds as compared to the drug itself. Medical debates show that chemical compound in marijuana are the problem as compared to the plant. The said chemical compound affects the mental and physical health of the personsRead MoreThe Topic Of Legalizing Marijuana For Recreational Use1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of legalizing marijuana for recreational use has long been a controversial topic. Back in 1996, California became first state to legalize medical cannabis, lighting a fuse across the nation. Fast forward to the year 2012 and thus began states legali zing marijuana for recreational purposes. Those states were Colorado and Washington. Following those states was the announcement of Alaska voting to legalizing weed for recreational us in 2014. After them came Oregon and Washington D.C. in 2015Read MoreMarijuana Should Not Be Beneficial For Medical Purposes1080 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana has proven to be beneficial for medical purposes. It has therapeutic effects that will ultimately allow patients with adverse health conditions to improve their quality of life. Legalizing marijuana can also improve the state of the United States’ economy through taxation and creation of job opportunities. Additionally, it can reduce the crime rate in the United States and save the United States tons of money. Contrarily, marijuana should not be legalized for recreational usage. ExtensiveRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1581 Words   |  7 Pageson drugs† since the late 1900’s, the legalization of marijuana has been a popular topic within the past couple of years. This topic is very controversial due to the fact that many people are unable to see past the bad rap that cannabis has accumulated over past years. Among the other aspects that have already given marijuana a bad reputation, some people are trying to find more and more reasons to postpone the legalization of marijuana. Since the legalization of cannabis in Colorado, Washington andRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Legalization Of Marijuana715 Words   |  3 PagesMarijuana legalization is a controversial subject with many different problems and solutions. Marijuana has benefits and disadvantages to using it (and many viewpoints on said pros and cons) so one person cannot be the only authority on the subject. Marijuana could possibly be used as a medicine, and although legalizing marijuana could have some benefits, the action could have serious repercussions. The legalization of medical marijuana could have positive benefits to the United States governmentRead MoreEssay Astonishing Statistics of Marijuana Use in Minors1539 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion Americans ages 12 and over have reported to using marijuana at least once within the previous year. That number alone is an astonishing statistic on marijuana users. Although marijuana has been a drug with increasing popularity especially throughout the past couple of years due to the legalization in some states. In November of 2012 history was made when Washington and Colorado both legalized marijuana for recreational use. Although marijuana is considered to be a Schedule 1 drug, which means itRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana For Recreational Use926 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing Marijuana in Texas for Recreational Use The well known debate over the legalization of marijuana for recreational use in The United States has been ongoing since 1935. Recently Colorado and Washington have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational use. By doing so, the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana has become more of an issue than it already was and now brings other states to question whether or not they should legalize marijuana (Breecher). Which brings about

Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination Example

Essays on Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination Assignment Fraud Examination Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination Post Adrienne has given a concise and reliable explanation regarding how the problem of management override and collusion can be addressed in an organization. I support the argument that there should be procedures designed by the auditors, as well as professionals dealing with fraud. In my opinion, the examining of journal entries in the books, as well as records, plays a crucial role in addressing any form of fraud that may be related to collusion and management override. An understanding of the internal processes in the organization plays a central role in identifying and dealing with any form of fraud. An external auditor ought to have knowledge on the operations of the organization, which can be done through interviewing employees at all organizational levels. I am also in agreement that the examination of all the essential accounting estimates plays a role in identifying fraud related to collusion and management override. In my opinion, objectivity forms a crucial part of fraud examination. As such, the auditor should deal with bias in the reporting of financial statements. Adrienne has comprehensively discussed how the examination of â€Å"one time† transactions helps in detecting fraud. In reality, financial statements may be manipulated through transactions that tend to be â€Å"one time.† Post #2 I agree with Marcela’s post regarding the role of the external auditor when it comes to financial reporting. An external auditor has an obligation to provide users of financial statements with true information regarding financial statements. The main aim of relying on the external auditor is to ensure that the information, which they provide, is not influenced by the management. External auditors are expected to provide objective and unbiased information about the financial statements of the organization. They should conduct their own independent research in an organization, and not entirely depend on the information provided by the management. I approve the discussion given by Marcela regarding the determination of materiality. It is true that issues to do with materiality in an organization can be determined by looking at the financial statements and information such as assets, revenues, as well as gross profit accrued during a certain financial period. Marcela has given a w orthwhile explanation about what can be regarded as material in an organization. There are good explanations of what can be regarded as material or immaterial in an organization. Post #3 Chastity’s explanation about whether earnings management can be considered fraud constitutes a reliable explanation about the issue of earnings management. The discussion gives the reader an insight into what earnings management is; I am in agreement with the discussion that earnings management cannot be considered as fraud under some circumstances. The fact that Chastity contends that earnings management can be considered a fraud, when it does not become material for those using the financial statement of an organization, helps in understanding the circumstances under which earnings management becomes fraud. Chastity gives the reader a convincing explanation, which the reader can use while classifying earnings management in an organization. With such an explanation, the reader is well equipped with knowledge about earnings management.

Adolescent Psychology midterm Free Essays

Identity formation is a complex and multifaceted process for adolescents, particularly during middle school and early high school. Therefore, it is far more likely that students who appear disengaged to school faculty and administrators are actually navigating the multiple pathways to finding their own unique identities. It is simply unfair to assume that a student is not personally motivated when he or she is constructing an identity that reflects diverse social and/or cultural backgrounds. We will write a custom essay sample on Adolescent Psychology midterm or any similar topic only for you Order Now Manila’s Squad Nanas writes about a student named Amanda in her article regarding detent identities in learning contexts. Amanda is a highly achieving student â€Å"who spent her time In class appearing ‘disengaged†. Although Amanda performed near the top of her class, her academic success did not seem to reflect her classroom behavior. However, Manta’s identity was shaped by the people she interacted with, particularly her peers. Nanas states, â€Å"People act in accordance with their local settings, and†¦ E cannot assume the meaning of those behaviors or determine which ones are identity relevant, and in which ways, without a perspective on what they mean In the local 2010). Therefore, it is a detriment to students eke Amanda and the ones at the tutoring program to suggest that their own lack of motivation Is at the root of their apparent disengagement. Rather, It Is relative to the context they live in. In Nanas†s article, Amanda self-identif ied as smart, and her peers looked to her for academic help. However, researcher field notes described Manta’s apparent disengagement, involving the passing of notes and answering her cell phone, which seemed â€Å"incongruous with [her] perception of herself and others’ perceptions of her as an exceptionally competent 2010). However, Nanas later explains that the school Amanda attended â€Å"had nonstandard norms for detent attendance, engagement. And conduct†(Nasal, 2010) that made Manta’s behaviors not an indication of disengagement or low performance. Nazi’s article suggests that students’ level of perceived engagement depends on the norms and standards of the school they attend. Another identity-related factor to take into account is that students are finding a safe group to identify with and are simultaneously negotiating â€Å"the persistent adolescent endeavor to define, overdriven, and redefine themselves and each other In often ruthless and Brown). Students must grapple with various social groups and the labels that accompany them, like â€Å"socks† and â€Å"brains†. Particularly in middle school, â€Å"younger students, like those in 7th grade, prefer’ to be normal, while more mature brains felt more comfortable with being brainy†. Therefore, it seems logical that the students at this tutoring program appear disengaged because they are managing their own identities, and therefore not acting overly enthused about learning so as not to appear â€Å"too brainy’. Dwellings students as unmotivated Ignores their searches for a â€Å"safe group identity’ to belong to, and acting too enthusiastic about schoolwork may hearten their place in a social group with which theft like to identify. It’s also feasible that students appear disengaged not due to lack of motivation, but because a key aspect of identity formation is questioning authority as they find their unique and authentic selves. â€Å"When adolescents express unpopular opinions, revolutionary normative expectations, they are trying on possible selves and testing the boundaries of their environment as part of their psychosocial moratorium†¦ In fact, that is part of their developmental Job. To dismiss such experimentation†¦ Is to devalue the unique opening this developmental era represents†. In short, students are investigating potential selves, attempting to find a peer group to which they belong, and Jumping over the hurdles of adolescence. When tutors at this middle school in Longboat dismiss their students as disengaged due to decreased motivation, they are assuming a deficit view of students and not taking identity formation into account. In the 1999 article by Cooper et al regarding being brokers for students, they explain that the transition from elementary to middle school is a crucial time in which students begin to define their own goals and look up to adults, including teachers ND tutors. How to cite Adolescent Psychology midterm, Papers

Ecuador Essay Example For Students

Ecuador Essay Ecuador is one of the smallest countries of South America. It lies on the West Coast of the continent between Colombia and Peru. The equator crosses Ecuador and gives the country its name. Ecuador is the Spanish word for equator. The Andes Mountains rise through much of central Ecuador. About half the people live in the valleys and on the plateaus of the Andes. Quito, Ecuadors capital, lies more than 9,000 feet (2,700 meters) above sea level on an Andean plateau. A flat, partly forested, tropical plain extends west of the Andes along the Pacific Ocean. This coastal plain is developing faster than any other part of the country. About half the Ecuadorian people live there. During the middle and late 1900s, many people moved to the coastal plain to farm its rich soil. Others moved to the coastal city of Guayaquil to find jobs. Guayaquil is Ecuadors largest city. It is also the countrys leading commercial center and chief seaport. East of the Andes Mountains is a large jungle. Ecuador has had more than 15 constitutions since it gained independence from Spain. Most of these constitutions provided for an elected legislature, but in many elections few of Ecuadors people have been allowed to vote. Strong leaders have suspended or replaced many of the countrys constitutions in order to stay in office or to increase their power. Most of Ecuadors rulers have been military leaders or have had the support of the armed forces. About 10 percent of Ecuadors peoplemostly of European ancestrymake up the wealthiest and most powerful group in the country. Indians and mestizos each form about 40 percent of the population. Blacks, whose ancestors were brought to Ecuador as slaves of the Spaniards, make up the remaining 10 percent of the population. Most Ecuadorians speak Spanish, and more than 90 percent of the population belongs to the Roman Catholic Church. The Ecuadorian government requires all children from 6 to 14 years old to go to school. However, most of the schools are located in the cities and towns, and many rural children do not attend school. A majority of adult Ecuadorians can read and write. Ecuador has 4 public universities, 3 private universities, and 10 technical schools. The mainland of Ec uador has three regions: (1) the Coastal Lowland, (2) the Andes Highland, and (3) the Eastern Lowland. The Galapagos Islands also belong to Ecuador. Ecuadors climate varies according to the altitude. The Coastal Lowland and the Eastern Lowland are hot and humid. The Peru Current cools the Coastal Lowland slightly. The temperature in the lowlands averages about 75 F (24 C). The Peru Current cools the tropical climate of the Galapagos Islands. In the Andes Highland, the plateaus have spring like weather all year and an average temperature of 57 F (14 C). The climate is colder at higher altitudes. Snow covers the Andes from an altitude of about 16,000 feet (4,880 meters) up. An average of 55 inches (140 centimeters) of rain falls in Ecuador every year. Heavy rainfall occurs in the Eastern Lowland and also in the northern part of the Coastal Lowland. The southern part of the Coastal Lowland receives a light rainfall. Light rain also falls in the Galapagos Islands. Agriculture employs mo re people in Ecuador than does any other economic activity. Most of the nations bananas, cacao, coffee, and sugar cane are raised on plantations that are located in the Coastal Lowland. Oranges and rice are also grown in many coastal areas. Most of the food for the people who live in Ecuadors cities comes from haciendas in the Andes Highland. Crops grown in the Andes Highland include beans, corn, potatoes, and wheat. Farmers raise cattle for meat and for dairy products. All in all, this is Ecuador and everything there is to know about it. .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6 , .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6 .postImageUrl , .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6 , .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6:hover , .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6:visited , .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6:active { border:0!important; } .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6:active , .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6 .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u59b68b26d2bcc721b6705f1abfa7c5b6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alzheimers (495 words) Essay